P53 information

TP53
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4QO1, 1A1U, 1AIE, 1C26, 1DT7, 1GZH, 1H26, 1HS5, 1KZY, 1MA3, 1OLG, 1OLH, 1PES, 1PET, 1SAE, 1SAF, 1SAK, 1SAL, 1TSR, 1TUP, 1UOL, 1XQH, 1YC5, 1YCQ, 1YCR, 1YCS, 2AC0, 2ADY, 2AHI, 2ATA, 2B3G, 2BIM, 2BIN, 2BIO, 2BIP, 2BIQ, 2FEJ, 2FOJ, 2FOO, 2GS0, 2H1L, 2H2D, 2H2F, 2H4F, 2H4H, 2H4J, 2H59, 2J0Z, 2J10, 2J11, 2J1W, 2J1X, 2J1Y, 2J1Z, 2J20, 2J21, 2K8F, 2L14, 2LY4, 2MEJ, 2MWO, 2MWP, 2MZD, 2OCJ, 2PCX, 2RUK, 2VUK, 2WGX, 2X0U, 2X0V, 2X0W, 2XWR, 2YBG, 2YDR, 2Z5S, 2Z5T, 3D05, 3D06, 3D07, 3D08, 3D09, 3D0A, 3DAB, 3DAC, 3IGK, 3IGL, 3KMD, 3KZ8, 3LW1, 3OQ5, 3PDH, 3Q01, 3Q05, 3Q06, 3SAK, 3TG5, 3TS8, 3ZME, 4AGL, 4AGM, 4AGN, 4AGO, 4AGP, 4AGQ, 4BUZ, 4BV2, 4HFZ, 4HJE, 4IBQ, 4IBS, 4IBT, 4IBU, 4IBV, 4IBW, 4IBY, 4IBZ, 4IJT, 4KVP, 4LO9, 4LOE, 4LOF, 4MZI, 4MZR, 4X34, 4ZZJ, 5AOL, 5ABA, 5AOK, 2MWY, 5A7B, 5AOJ, 5AOI, 5ECG, 5AB9, 4FZ3, 4RP6, 4XR8, 5AOM, 4RP7, 5HOU, 5HP0, 5HPD, 5LGY, 5G4M, 5G4O, 5G4N, 5BUA
Identifiers
Aliases	TP53, BCC7, LFS1, P53, TRP53, tumor protein p53, BMFS5, Genes, p53
External IDs	OMIM: 191170 MGI: 98834 HomoloGene: 460 GeneCards: TP53
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	7,687,538 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	69,482,699 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	ganglionic eminence; ; monocyte; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; skin of abdomen; ; rectum; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; sural nerve; ; left uterine tube; ; appendix; ; right coronary artery;
	Top expressed in
	yolk sac; ; lip; ; somite; ; abdominal wall; ; thymus; ; morula; ; maxillary prominence; ; ganglionic eminence; ; secondary oocyte; ; inner renal medulla;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein N-terminus binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; protein self-association; core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; protein phosphatase binding; ATP binding; transcription factor binding; metal ion binding; protein phosphatase 2A binding; enzyme binding; zinc ion binding; chromatin binding; protease binding; damaged DNA binding; protein binding; histone acetyltransferase binding; copper ion binding; protein kinase binding; chaperone binding; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; receptor tyrosine kinase binding; p53 binding; identical protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA binding; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding; mRNA 3'-UTR binding; histone deacetylase binding; disordered domain specific binding; promoter-specific chromatin binding; histone deacetylase regulator activity; protein homodimerization activity; MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; mitochondrion; nucleus; nuclear body; transcription factor TFIID complex; nuclear matrix; replication fork; nucleolus; endoplasmic reticulum; nucleoplasm; mitochondrial matrix; PML body; cytosol; intracellular anatomical structure; transcription regulator complex; protein-containing complex; site of double-strand break;
Biological process	positive regulation of histone deacetylation; DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest; rhythmic process; replicative senescence; negative regulation of telomerase activity; oligodendrocyte apoptotic process; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process; regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability; positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process; cellular response to ionizing radiation; positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process; negative regulation of helicase activity; cell cycle; Ras protein signal transduction; cell population proliferation; cellular response to hypoxia; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; nucleotide-excision repair; cellular response to glucose starvation; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; response to antibiotic; transcription, DNA-templated; ER overload response; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; negative regulation of cell growth; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; viral process; response to gamma radiation; negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation; positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; cell differentiation; determination of adult lifespan; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress; cellular response to UV; DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; negative regulation of apoptotic process; protein tetramerization; oxidative stress-induced premature senescence; positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; circadian behavior; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; protein localization; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator; positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis; multicellular organism development; positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway; positive regulation of gene expression; mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling; positive regulation of protein oligomerization; positive regulation of apoptotic process; entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod; response to X-ray; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; base-excision repair; DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator; regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator; apoptotic process; transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of protein export from nucleus; programmed cell death; regulation of apoptotic process; protein deubiquitination; phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; autophagy; mRNA transcription; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly; RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly; protein homotetramerization; protein-containing complex assembly; cellular response to gamma radiation; signal transduction by p53 class mediator; cellular response to actinomycin D; positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA; in utero embryonic development; somitogenesis; release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation; T cell proliferation involved in immune response; B cell lineage commitment; T cell lineage commitment; response to ischemia; double-strand break repair; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; protein import into nucleus; response to oxidative stress; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; gastrulation; negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation; central nervous system development; heart development; circadian rhythm; negative regulation of DNA replication; rRNA transcription; response to UV; response to salt stress; embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching; negative regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process; cerebellum development; negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; T cell differentiation in thymus; regulation of tissue remodeling; multicellular organism growth; positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress; regulation of cell population proliferation; mitochondrial DNA repair; regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; regulation of neuron apoptotic process; negative regulation of proteolysis; negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle; bone marrow development; embryonic organ development; protein stabilization; chromosome organization; neuron apoptotic process; regulation of cell cycle; hematopoietic stem cell differentiation; interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway; cardiac septum morphogenesis; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia; positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress; regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process; necroptosis; cellular response to UV-C; negative regulation of mitophagy; regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process; regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator; negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA; negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia; regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process; negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process; regulation of cellular senescence;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	7157
	22059
	ENSG00000141510
	ENSMUSG00000059552
	P04637
	P02340
NM_001276761; NM_000546; NM_001126112; NM_001126113; NM_001126114;
	NM_001126115; NM_001126116; NM_001126117; NM_001126118; NM_001276695; NM_001276696; NM_001276697; NM_001276698; NM_001276699; NM_001276760
	NM_001127233; NM_011640
NP_000537; NP_001119584; NP_001119585; NP_001119586; NP_001119587;
	NP_001119588; NP_001119589; NP_001119590; NP_001263624; NP_001263625; NP_001263626; NP_001263627; NP_001263628; NP_001263689; NP_001263690
	NP_001120705; NP_035770
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates, where they prevent cancer formation.^[5] As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome" because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation.^[6] Hence TP53^{[note 1]} is classified as a tumor suppressor gene.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

The TP53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene (>50%) in human cancer, indicating that the TP53 gene plays a crucial role in preventing cancer formation.^[5] TP53 gene encodes proteins that bind to DNA and regulate gene expression to prevent mutations of the genome.^[12] In addition to the full-length protein, the human TP53 gene encodes at least 12 protein isoforms.^[13]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141510 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000059552 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b Surget S, Khoury MP, Bourdon JC (December 2013). "Uncovering the role of p53 splice variants in human malignancy: a clinical perspective". OncoTargets and Therapy. 7: 57–68. doi:10.2147/OTT.S53876. PMC 3872270. PMID 24379683.
^ Toufektchan E, Toledo F (May 2018). "The Guardian of the Genome Revisited: p53 Downregulates Genes Required for Telomere Maintenance, DNA Repair, and Centromere Structure". Cancers. 10 (5): 135. doi:10.3390/cancers10050135. PMC 5977108. PMID 29734785.
^ Matlashewski G, Lamb P, Pim D, et al. (December 1984). "Isolation and characterization of a human p53 cDNA clone: expression of the human p53 gene". The EMBO Journal. 3 (13): 3257–62. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02287.x. PMC 557846. PMID 6396087.
^ Isobe M, Emanuel BS, Givol D, et al. (1986). "Localization of gene for human p53 tumour antigen to band 17p13". Nature. 320 (6057): 84–5. Bibcode:1986Natur.320...84I. doi:10.1038/320084a0. PMID 3456488. S2CID 4310476.
^ Kern SE, Kinzler KW, Bruskin A, et al. (June 1991). "Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein". Science. 252 (5013): 1708–11. Bibcode:1991Sci...252.1708K. doi:10.1126/science.2047879. PMID 2047879. S2CID 19647885.
^ McBride OW, Merry D, Givol D (January 1986). "The gene for human p53 cellular tumor antigen is located on chromosome 17 short arm (17p13)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 83 (1): 130–4. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83..130M. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.1.130. PMC 322805. PMID 3001719.
^ Cite error: The named reference Bourdon was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Levine AJ, Lane DP, eds. (2010). The p53 family. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 978-0-87969-830-0.
^ Khoury MP, Bourdon JC. p53 Isoforms: An Intracellular Microprocessor? Genes Cancer. 2011 Apr;2(4):453-65. doi: 10.1177/1947601911408893. PMID: 21779513; PMCID: PMC3135639.

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141510 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000059552 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Surget-5] Surget S, Khoury MP, Bourdon JC (December 2013). "Uncovering the role of p53 splice variants in human malignancy: a clinical perspective". OncoTargets and Therapy. 7: 57–68. doi:10.2147/OTT.S53876. PMC 3872270. PMID 24379683.

[6] Toufektchan E, Toledo F (May 2018). "The Guardian of the Genome Revisited: p53 Downregulates Genes Required for Telomere Maintenance, DNA Repair, and Centromere Structure". Cancers. 10 (5): 135. doi:10.3390/cancers10050135. PMC 5977108. PMID 29734785.

[pmid6396087-8] Matlashewski G, Lamb P, Pim D, et al. (December 1984). "Isolation and characterization of a human p53 cDNA clone: expression of the human p53 gene". The EMBO Journal. 3 (13): 3257–62. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02287.x. PMC 557846. PMID 6396087.

[pmid3456488-9] Isobe M, Emanuel BS, Givol D, et al. (1986). "Localization of gene for human p53 tumour antigen to band 17p13". Nature. 320 (6057): 84–5. Bibcode:1986Natur.320...84I. doi:10.1038/320084a0. PMID 3456488. S2CID 4310476.

[pmid2047879-10] Kern SE, Kinzler KW, Bruskin A, et al. (June 1991). "Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein". Science. 252 (5013): 1708–11. Bibcode:1991Sci...252.1708K. doi:10.1126/science.2047879. PMID 2047879. S2CID 19647885.

[pmid_3001719-11] McBride OW, Merry D, Givol D (January 1986). "The gene for human p53 cellular tumor antigen is located on chromosome 17 short arm (17p13)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 83 (1): 130–4. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83..130M. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.1.130. PMC 322805. PMID 3001719.

[Bourdon-12] Cite error: The named reference Bourdon was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[13] Levine AJ, Lane DP, eds. (2010). The p53 family. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 978-0-87969-830-0.

[14] Khoury MP, Bourdon JC. p53 Isoforms: An Intracellular Microprocessor? Genes Cancer. 2011 Apr;2(4):453-65. doi: 10.1177/1947601911408893. PMID: 21779513; PMCID: PMC3135639.

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