Gene that inhibits expression of the tumorigenic phenotype
The cell cycle. Many tumor suppressors work to regulate the cycle at specific checkpoints in order to prevent damaged cells from replicating.
A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication.[1] If the cell grows uncontrollably, it will result in cancer. When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated, it results in a loss or reduction in its function. In combination with other genetic mutations, this could allow the cell to grow abnormally. The loss of function for these genes may be even more significant in the development of human cancers, compared to the activation of oncogenes.[2]
TSGs can be grouped into the following categories: caretaker genes, gatekeeper genes, and more recently landscaper genes. Caretaker genes ensure stability of the genome via DNA repair and subsequently when mutated allow mutations to accumulate.[3] Meanwhile, gatekeeper genes directly regulate cell growth by either inhibiting cell cycle progression or inducing apoptosis.[3] Lastly landscaper genes regulate growth by contributing to the surrounding environment, when mutated can cause an environment that promotes unregulated proliferation.[4] The classification schemes are evolving as medical advances are being made from fields including molecular biology, genetics, and epigenetics.
^"Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes | American Cancer Society". www.cancer.org. Archived from the original on 2021-03-18. Retrieved 2019-09-26.
^Weinberg, Robert A (2014). "The Biology of Cancer." Garland Science, page 231.
^ ab"Glossary of Cancer Genetics (side-frame)". www.cancerindex.org. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
^"Cancer Genetics - CuboCube". www.cubocube.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-12. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
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A tumorsuppressorgene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. If the cell grows uncontrollably...
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still is one functional gene left on the other chromosome of the chromosome pair. The remaining copy of the tumorsuppressorgene can be inactivated by...
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transition mutations in the HRAS and p53 tumorsuppressorgene. Mutations of p53 are detected in 73% of the tumors, BCL-2 mutations accounting for 32% and...
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found to play a key role in memory formation within neurons and tumor-suppressorgene activation in cancer treatment respectively. Epigenetic priming...
loss of tumor suppressorgenes, which normally inhibit cell growth. Loss of these genes can further promote uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation....
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