Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infection of bone.[1] Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness.[1] The long bones of the arms and legs are most commonly involved in children e.g. the femur and humerus,[7] while the feet, spine, and hips are most commonly involved in adults.[2]
The cause is usually a bacterial infection,[1][7][2] but rarely can be a fungal infection.[8] It may occur by spread from the blood or from surrounding tissue.[4] Risks for developing osteomyelitis include diabetes, intravenous drug use, prior removal of the spleen, and trauma to the area.[1] Diagnosis is typically suspected based on symptoms and basic laboratory tests as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). This is because plain radiographs are unremarkable in the first few days following acute infection.[7][2] Diagnosis is further confirmed by blood tests, medical imaging, or bone biopsy.[2]
Treatment of bacterial osteomyelitis often involves both antimicrobials and surgery.[7][4] In people with poor blood flow, amputation may be required.[2] Treatment of the relatively rare fungal osteomyelitis as mycetoma infection entails the use of antifungal medications.[9] In contrast to bacterial osteomyelitis, amputation or large bony resections is more common in neglected fungal osteomyelitis (mycetoma) where infections of the foot account for the majority of cases.[8][9] Treatment outcomes of bacterial osteomyelitis are generally good when the condition has only been present a short time.[7][2] About 2.4 per 100,000 people are affected each year.[6] The young and old are more commonly affected.[7][1] Males are more commonly affected than females.[3] The condition was described at least as early as the 300s BC by Hippocrates.[4] Prior to the availability of antibiotics, the risk of death was significant.[10]
^ abcdefghi"Osteomyelitis". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2005. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
^ abcdefghij"Osteomyelitis". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). 2016. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
^ abFerri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 924. ISBN 978-0-323-52957-0. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
^ abcdSchmitt, SK (June 2017). "Osteomyelitis". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 31 (2): 325–38. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.01.010. PMID 28483044. S2CID 257184257.
^Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. (2014). Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2267. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
^ abHochberg, Marc C.; Silman, Alan J.; Smolen, Josef S.; et al. (2014). Rheumatology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 885. ISBN 978-0-7020-6303-9. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
^ abcdefEl-Sobky, T; Mahmoud, S (July 2021). "Acute osteoarticular infections in children are frequently forgotten multidiscipline emergencies: beyond the technical skills". EFORT Open Reviews. 6 (7): 584–592. doi:10.1302/2058-5241.6.200155. PMC 8335954. PMID 34377550.
^ abEl-Sobky, TA; Haleem, JF; Samir, S (2015). "Eumycetoma Osteomyelitis of the Calcaneus in a Child: A Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation following Total Calcanectomy". Case Reports in Pathology. 2015: 129020. doi:10.1155/2015/129020. PMC 4592886. PMID 26483983.
^ abvan de Sande, Wendy; Fahal, Ahmed; Ahmed, Sarah Abdalla; et al. (10 March 2018). "Closing the mycetoma knowledge gap". Medical Mycology. 56 (suppl_1): S153–S164. doi:10.1093/mmy/myx061. PMID 28992217.
^Brackenridge, R. D. C.; Croxson, Richard S.; Mackenzie, Ross (2016). Medical Selection of Life Risks 5th Edition Swiss Re branded. Springer. p. 912. ISBN 978-1-349-56632-7. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
relatively rare fungal osteomyelitis as mycetoma infection entails the use of antifungal medications. In contrast to bacterial osteomyelitis, amputation or large...
Osteomyelitis of the jaws is osteomyelitis (which is infection and inflammation of the bone marrow, sometimes abbreviated to OM) which occurs in the bones...
Vertebral osteomyelitis is a type of osteomyelitis (infection and inflammation of the bone and bone marrow) that affects the vertebrae. It is a rare bone...
characteristics. An entity initially known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis was first described in 1972. Subsequently, in 1978, several cases of...
Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis is a peculiar aspect of osteomyelitis characterized by prevalent histiocytic infiltrate and foamy macrophage clustering...
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare condition (1:1,000,000), in which the bones have lesions, inflammation, and pain. It is called...
arthritis, infectious arthritis, suppurative arthritis, pyogenic arthritis, osteomyelitis, or joint infection is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent...
protection effect against osteomyelitis. Thus, changes in the Prevotella microbiota may be related to the development of osteomyelitis. Approximately 70% and...
Anaerobic bacteria are often found in osteomyelitis of the long bones especially after trauma and fracture, osteomyelitis associated with peripheral vascular...
Brodie abscess is a subacute osteomyelitis, which may persist for years before progressing to a chronic, frank osteomyelitis. Classically, this may present...
dentist, Dr. Theodor Blum, in 1924, who described an unusual mandibular osteomyelitis in a dial painter, naming it "radium jaw". Symptoms were present in...
abscesses, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and sepsis. It is still...
to be recognized. It is best known as a cause of septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis, bacteraemia, and endocarditis, and less frequently...
used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections, including osteomyelitis (bone) or joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, strep throat...
necrosis from normal or sound bone. It is a complication (sequela) of osteomyelitis. The pathological process is as follows: infection in the bone leads...
symptoms related to the specific underlying infection such as mastitis, osteomyelitis, necrotising fasciitis, or pneumonia. TSS is typically caused by bacteria...
More specifically, it can refer to one of the following conditions: Osteomyelitis, or infectious osteitis, mainly bacterial osteitis Alveolar osteitis...
there in the 1980s. He said that the amputations alongside developing osteomyelitis had left him unable to work. After the trial, Lorena attempted to keep...
applications of fly larvae in human medicine, especially for treating osteomyelitis". Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2 (3): 225–230. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915...
complications include sinobronchitis, maxillary osteomyelitis, and frontal bone osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis of the frontal bone often originates from a spreading...
Some disease processes caused by pyogenic infections are impetigo, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and necrotizing fasciitis. Many species of bacteria...
Osteoarthritis Fracture Jones Fracture Dupuytren fracture or Pott's fracture Osteomyelitis Bone cancer Tarsal tunnel syndrome Neuroma Metatarsalgia Nerve entrapment...
caries as well as various systemic infections, including meningitis and osteomyelitis. It has also been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis and has...
bone ratio of 10–20%, flucloxacillin appears effective in treating osteomyelitis. Depending on local guidance it may be used in the treatment of infection...
Osteogenesis imperfecta, also referred to as Brittle Bone Disease Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis Osteopetrosis Osteopenia Recent orthopedic surgery A recent failed attempt...
resort for people with severe and potentially fatal illnesses such as osteomyelitis, tumors, severe traumas and intractable decubiti in, or around, the...
the Ice Follies for many years until Hans Mauch (Frack) contracted osteomyelitis. He retired in 1953, and died on 4 June 1979 in Long Beach, California...
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