Initiation site for the opening of the DNA double helix
DNA unwinding at the DUE, allowing for formation of replication fork for DNA replication to occur.
A DNA unwinding element (DUE or DNAUE) is the initiation site for the opening of the double helix structure of the DNA at the origin of replication for DNA synthesis.[1] It is A-T rich and denatures easily due to its low helical stability,[2] which allows the single-strand region to be recognized by origin recognition complex.
DUEs are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, but were first discovered in yeast and bacteria origins, by Huang Kowalski.[3][4] The DNA unwinding allows for access of replication machinery to the newly single strands.[1] In eukaryotes, DUEs are the binding site for DNA-unwinding element binding (DUE-B) proteins required for replication initiation.[3] In prokaryotes, DUEs are found in the form of tandem consensus sequences flanking the 5' end of DnaA binding domain.[2] The act of unwinding at these A-T rich elements occurs even in absence of any origin binding proteins due to negative supercoiling forces, making it an energetically favourable action.[2] DUEs are typically found spanning 30-100 bp of replication origins.[4][5]
^ abKowalski D, Eddy MJ (December 1989). "The DNA unwinding element: a novel, cis-acting component that facilitates opening of the Escherichia coli replication origin". The EMBO Journal. 8 (13): 4335–44. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08620.x. PMC 401646. PMID 2556269.
^ abcComan D, Russu IM (May 2005). "Base pair opening in three DNA-unwinding elements". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (21): 20216–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.M502773200. PMID 15784615.
^ abKemp M, Bae B, Yu JP, Ghosh M, Leffak M, Nair SK (April 2007). "Structure and function of the c-myc DNA-unwinding element-binding protein DUE-B". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (14): 10441–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M609632200. PMID 17264083.
^ abDePamphilis ML (1993). "Eukaryotic DNA replication: anatomy of an origin". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 62 (1): 29–63. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.62.070193.000333. PMID 8352592.
^Potaman VN, Pytlos MJ, Hashem VI, Bissler JJ, Leffak M, Sinden RR (2006). Wells RD, Ashizawa T (eds.). Genetic Instabilities and Neurological Diseases (Second ed.). Burlington: Academic Press. pp. 447–460. doi:10.1016/B978-012369462-1/50031-4. ISBN 9780123694621.
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