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Overview of the relationship between obesity and fertility
Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual's ideal body weight.[1] This is often described as a body mass index (BMI) over 30. However, BMI does not account for whether the excess weight is fat or muscle, and is not a measure of body composition.[2] For most people, however, BMI is an indication used worldwide to estimate nutritional status. Obesity is usually the result of consuming more calories than the body needs and not expending that energy by doing exercise. There are genetic causes and hormonal disorders that cause people to gain significant amounts of weight but this is rare. People in the obese category are much more likely to suffer from fertility problems than people of normal healthy weight.[3]
A report carried out by the Nurses Health Study demonstrated an increased risk of anovulation in women with an increasing BMI value. Its major effects include a reduction in ovulation rate, a decline in oocyte quality, menstrual irregularities, a decreased pregnancy rate and a rise in miscarriages.[4] Obesity can have particularly damaging effects in young women as they begin menstruating earlier than non-obese girls, essentially enhancing the defects associated with obesity and fertility.[4] Obesity also affects fertility in men.[5]
^"obesity". The Free Dictionary.
^"Obesity and overweight". World Health Organization. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
^Pasquali R, Patton L, Gambineri A (December 2007). "Obesity and infertility". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 14 (6): 482–7. doi:10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f1d6cb. PMID 17982356. S2CID 24847986.
^ abBrannian JD (July 2011). "Obesity and fertility". South Dakota Medicine. 64 (7): 251–4. PMID 21848022.
^Škurla M, Rybář R (Winter 2018). "Obesity and reduced fertility of men". Ceska Gynekologie. 83 (3): 212–217. PMID 30764622.
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