Social stigma of obesity information

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Discrimination
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Human body weight
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Social aspects Comfort food Fast food (Criticism) Fat acceptance movement Fat fetishism Health at Every Size Hunger Obesity and the environment Obesity and sexuality Sedentary lifestyle Social determinants of obesity Social stigma of obesity Weight cutting Weight class
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Social stigma of obesity is broadly defined as bias or discriminatory behaviors targeted at overweight and obese individuals because of their weight and a high body fat percentage.^[1]^[2] Such social stigmas can span one's entire life, as long as excess weight is present, starting from a young age and lasting into adulthood.^[3] Studies also indicate overweight and obese individuals experience higher levels of stigma compared to other people.^[4]

In addition, they marry less often, experience fewer educational and career opportunities, and on average earn a lesser income than normal weight individuals.^[3] Although public support regarding disability services, civil rights, and anti-workplace discrimination laws for obese individuals have gained support across the years, overweight and obese individuals still experience discrimination, which may have detrimental implications in relation to both physiological^[5] and psychological health. These issues are compounded by the significant negative physiological effects that are already associated with obesity,^[6] which some have proposed may be caused by stress from the social stigma of obesity, rather than from obesity per se.^[5]

Anti-fat bias refers to prejudicial assumptions that are based on an assessment of a person as being overweight or obese. It is also known as "fat shaming" or "fatphobia". Anti-fat bias can be found in many facets of society,^[7] and fat activists commonly cite examples of mass media and popular culture that pervade this phenomenon.^[8]^[9]

^ Puhl, Rebecca M.; Brownell, Kelly D. (2003-11-01). "Psychosocial origins of obesity stigma: toward changing a powerful and pervasive bias". Obesity Reviews. 4 (4): 213–227. doi:10.1046/j.1467-789X.2003.00122.x. ISSN 1467-789X. PMID 14649372. S2CID 31481832.
^ Puhl, Rebecca M.; Heuer, Chelsea A. (2009-05-01). "The Stigma of Obesity: A Review and Update". Obesity. 17 (5): 941–964. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.636. ISSN 1930-739X. PMID 19165161. S2CID 152352.
^ ^a ^b "Dicke sind faul und dumm" (in German). Süddeutsche Zeitung. August 11, 2008. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
^ Puhl, Rebecca M.; Heuer, Chelsea A. (June 2010). "Obesity Stigma: Important Considerations for Public Health". American Journal of Public Health. 100 (6): 1019–1028. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.159491. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 2866597. PMID 20075322.
^ ^a ^b Muennig, P (2008). "The body politic: the relationship between stigma and obesity-associated disease". BMC Public Health. 8: 128. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-128. PMC 2386473. PMID 18426601.
^ "The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity". Center for Disease Control. August 11, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ Cite error: The named reference PuhlBrownell was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ahern, A. L.; Bennett, K. M.; Hetherington, M. M. (2008). "Internalization of the Ultra-Thin Ideal: Positive Implicit Associations with Underweight Fashion Models are Associated with Drive for Thinness in Young Women". Eating Disorders. 16 (4): 294–307. doi:10.1080/10640260802115852. PMID 18568920. S2CID 2473526.
^ Hawkins, N.; Richards, P. S.; Granley, H. M. C.; Stein, D. M. (2004). "The Impact of Exposure to the Thin-Ideal Media Image on Women". Eating Disorders. 12 (1): 35–50. doi:10.1080/10640260490267751. PMID 16864303. S2CID 28802161.

Social stigma of obesity information

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