Distribution of human adipose tissue mainly around the trunk and upper body
Example of android fat accumulation in a teenage male
Android fat distribution describes the distribution of human adipose tissue mainly around the trunk and upper body, in areas such as the abdomen, chest, shoulder and nape of the neck.[1] This pattern may lead to an "apple”-shaped body or central obesity, and is more common in males than in females. Thus, the android fat distribution of men is about 48.6%, which is 10.3% higher than that of premenopausal women.[2] In other cases, an ovoid shape forms, which does not differentiate between men and women. Generally, during early adulthood, females tend to have a more peripheral fat distribution such that their fat is evenly distributed over their body. However, it has been found that as females age, bear children and approach menopause, this distribution shifts towards the android pattern of fat distribution,[3] resulting in a 42.1% increase in android body fat distribution in postmenopausal women.[2] This could potentially provide evolutionary advantages such as lowering a woman's center of gravity making her more stable when carrying offspring.[1]
Android fat distribution is contrasted with gynoid fat distribution, whereby fat around the hips, thighs, and bottom results in a “pear”-shaped body.
Jean Vague, a physician from Marseilles, France, was one of the first individuals to bring to attention the increased risk of developing certain diseases (e.g., diabetes and gout) in individuals with an android distribution compared to a gynoid distribution.[4] There are other health consequences beyond these, including psychological consequences.
^ abCite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abLey, CJ; Lees, B; Stevenson, JC (1992). "Sex-and menopause-associated changes in body-fat distribution". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 55 (5): 950–954. doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.5.950. PMID 1570802. S2CID 4481978.
^Wells, JCK (2007). "Sexual dimorphism of body composition". Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 21 (3): 415–430. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2007.04.007. PMID 17875489.
^Despres, J.-P. (4 September 2012). "Body Fat Distribution and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: An Update". Circulation. 126 (10): 1301–1313. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067264. PMID 22949540.
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