This article is about the class of organic compounds. For the synthetic rubber product, see Nitrile rubber.
Not to be confused with Cyanide.
The structure of a nitrile: the functional group is highlighted blue
In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group. The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the −C≡N, suffixed with "nitrile", so for example CH3CH2C≡N is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile).[1] The prefix cyano- is used interchangeably with the term nitrile in industrial literature. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds, including methyl cyanoacrylate, used in super glue, and nitrile rubber, a nitrile-containing polymer used in latex-free laboratory and medical gloves. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Organic compounds containing multiple nitrile groups are known as cyanocarbons.
Inorganic compounds containing the −C≡N group are not called nitriles, but cyanides instead.[2] Though both nitriles and cyanides can be derived from cyanide salts, most nitriles are not nearly as toxic.
In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group. The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes...
Nitrile rubber, also known as nitrile butadiene rubber, NBR, Buna-N, and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, is a synthetic rubber derived from acrylonitrile...
Nitrile hydratases (NHases; EC 4.2.1.84) are mononuclear iron or non-corrinoid cobalt enzymes that catalyse the hydration of diverse nitriles to their...
Nitrile ylides also known as nitrilium ylides or nitrilium methylides, are generally reactive intermediates formally consisting of a carbanion of an alkyl...
In nitrile reduction a nitrile is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde with a suitable chemical reagent. The catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles is...
H3C−C≡N. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It...
an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CN. It is a simple aliphatic nitrile. The compound is a colourless, water-soluble liquid. It is used as a solvent...
Nitrile anions is jargon from the organic product resulting from the deprotonation of alkylnitriles. The proton(s) α to the nitrile group are sufficiently...
Nitrilase enzymes (nitrile aminohydrolase; EC 3.5.5.1) catalyse the hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids and ammonia, without the formation of "free"...
hydroalkoxylation, which involve adding amines and alcohols to alkenes. Nitriles are susceptible to hydration to amides: RCN + H2O → RC(O)NH2 This reaction...
acidification of cyanide salts. Organic cyanides are usually called nitriles. In nitriles, the −C≡N group is linked by a single covalent bond to carbon. For...
Transition metal nitrile complexes are coordination compounds containing nitrile ligands. Because nitriles are weakly basic, the nitrile ligands in these...
also coined the name benzonitrile which gave the name to all the group of nitriles. In 2018, benzonitrile was reported to be detected in the interstellar...
Butyronitrile or butanenitrile or propyl cyanide, is a nitrile with the formula C3H7CN. This colorless liquid is miscible with most polar organic solvents...
The Kolbe nitrile synthesis is a method for the preparation of alkyl nitriles by reaction of the corresponding alkyl halide with a metal cyanide. A side...
zinc oxide) to give the fatty nitrile. RCOOH + NH3 → RC≡N + 2 H2O The fatty amine is obtained from these fatty nitriles by hydrogenation with any of a...
pentenenitriles as well as 2- and 3-methylbutanenitriles. These unsaturated nitriles are subsequently isomerized to the 3-and 4-pentenenitriles. In the final...
bond to form a cyanohydrin. With nitrile electrophiles, nucleophilic addition take place by: hydrolysis of a nitrile to form an amide or a carboxylic...
The Letts nitrile synthesis is a chemical reaction of aromatic carboxylic acids with metal thiocyanates to form nitriles. The reaction includes the loss...
\rightleftharpoons } an aliphatic nitrile + H2O This dehydratase converts an aldoxime on an aliphatic substrate to a nitrile as the product structure with...
patients. Medical gloves are made of different polymers including latex, nitrile rubber, polyvinyl chloride and neoprene; they come unpowdered, or powdered...
nitrilase also known as aliphatic nitrile aminohydrolase (EC 3.5.5.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids: R-CN + 2...
Its molecular structure consists of a vinyl group (−CH=CH2) linked to a nitrile (−C≡N). It is an important monomer for the manufacture of useful plastics...
The Pinner reaction refers to the acid catalysed reaction of a nitrile with an alcohol to form an imino ester salt (alkyl imidate salt); this is sometimes...
polyacrylonitrile is a precursor to ion exchange resins. Hydrolysis converts the nitrile groups to carboxylic acids. Amberlite IRC86 is one commercial product....
people switch to vinyl or nitrile gloves.[citation needed] Poly gloves are a very inexpensive alternative. Latex, Vinyl and Nitrile gloves are available in...
cyanoacetate is an organic compound that contains a carboxylate ester and a nitrile. It is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odor. This material is useful...
Malononitrile is an organic compound nitrile with the formula CH2(CN)2. It is a colorless or white solid, although aged samples appear yellow or even...
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