"Uut" redirects here. For other uses, see Uut (disambiguation).
Chemical element, symbol Nh and atomic number 113
Nihonium, 113Nh
Nihonium
Pronunciation
/nɪˈhoʊniəm/(nih-HOH-nee-əm)
Mass number
[286]
Nihonium in the periodic table
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Caesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury (element)
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Copernicium
Nihonium
Flerovium
Moscovium
Livermorium
Tennessine
Oganesson
Tl ↑ Nh ↓ (Uhs)
copernicium ← nihonium → flerovium
Atomic number (Z)
113
Group
group 13 (boron group)
Period
period 7
Block
p-block
Electron configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1(predicted)[1]
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3 (predicted)
Physical properties
Phase at STP
solid (predicted)[1][2][3]
Melting point
700 K (430 °C, 810 °F) (predicted)[1]
Boiling point
1430 K (1130 °C, 2070 °F) (predicted)[1][4]
Density (near r.t.)
16 g/cm3(predicted)[4]
Heat of fusion
7.61 kJ/mol (extrapolated)[3]
Heat of vaporisation
130 kJ/mol (predicted)[2][4]
Atomic properties
Oxidation states
(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[1][4][5]
Ionisation energies
1st: 704.9 kJ/mol (predicted)[1]
2nd: 2240 kJ/mol (predicted)[4]
3rd: 3020 kJ/mol (predicted)[4]
(more)
Atomic radius
empirical: 170 pm (predicted)[1]
Covalent radius
172–180 pm (extrapolated)[3]
Other properties
Natural occurrence
synthetic
Crystal structure
hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
(predicted)[6][7]
CAS Number
54084-70-7
History
Naming
After Japan (Nihon in Japanese)
Discovery
Riken (Japan, first undisputed claim 2004) JINR (Russia) and Livermore (US, first announcement 2003)
Isotopes of nihonium
v
e
Main isotopes[8]
Decay
abundance
half-life (t1/2)
mode
product
278Nh
synth
0.002 s
α
274Rg
282Nh
synth
0.061 s
α
278Rg
283Nh
synth
0.123 s
α
279Rg
284Nh
synth
0.90 s
α
280Rg
ε
284Cn
285Nh
synth
2.1 s
α
281Rg
SF
–
286Nh
synth
9.5 s
α
282Rg
287Nh
synth
5.5 s?[9]
α
283Rg
290Nh
synth
2 s?[10]
α
286Rg
Category: Nihonium
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Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Nh and atomic number 113. It is extremely radioactive: its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of about 10 seconds. In the periodic table, nihonium is a transactinide element in the p-block. It is a member of period 7 and group 13.
Nihonium was first reported to have been created in 2003 by a Russian–American collaboration at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, and in 2004 by a team of Japanese scientists at Riken in Wakō, Japan. The confirmation of their claims in the ensuing years involved independent teams of scientists working in the United States, Germany, Sweden, and China, as well as the original claimants in Russia and Japan. In 2015, the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party recognised the element and assigned the priority of the discovery and naming rights for the element to Riken.[11] The Riken team suggested the name nihonium in 2016, which was approved in the same year. The name comes from the common Japanese name for Japan (日本, nihon).
Very little is known about nihonium, as it has only been made in very small amounts that decay within seconds. The anomalously long lives of some superheavy nuclides, including some nihonium isotopes, are explained by the "island of stability" theory. Experiments support the theory, with the half-lives of the confirmed nihonium isotopes increasing from milliseconds to seconds as neutrons are added and the island is approached. Nihonium has been calculated to have similar properties to its homologues boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. All but boron are post-transition metals, and nihonium is expected to be a post-transition metal as well. It should also show several major differences from them; for example, nihonium should be more stable in the +1 oxidation state than the +3 state, like thallium, but in the +1 state nihonium should behave more like silver and astatine than thallium. Preliminary experiments in 2017 showed that elemental nihonium is not very volatile; its chemistry remains largely unexplored.
^ abcdefgHoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
^ abSeaborg, Glenn T. (c. 2006). "transuranium element (chemical element)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
^ abcBonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia (1981). "Predicting the Properties of the 113–120 Transactinide Elements". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 85 (9): 1177–1186. doi:10.1021/j150609a021.
^ abcdefFricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
^Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". In Barysz, Maria; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki (eds.). Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 10. Springer. pp. 63–67. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
^Keller, O. L. Jr.; Burnett, J. L.; Carlson, T. A.; Nestor, C. W. Jr. (1969). "Predicted Properties of the Super Heavy Elements. I. Elements 113 and 114, Eka-Thallium and Eka-Lead". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 74 (5): 1127−1134. doi:10.1021/j100700a029.
^
Atarah, Samuel A.; Egblewogbe, Martin N. H.; Hagoss, Gebreyesus G. (2020). "First principle study of the structural and electronic properties of Nihonium". MRS Advances: 1–9. doi:10.1557/adv.2020.159.
^Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; et al. (2016). "Remarks on the Fission Barriers of SHN and Search for Element 120". In Peninozhkevich, Yu. E.; Sobolev, Yu. G. (eds.). Exotic Nuclei: EXON-2016 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei. Exotic Nuclei. pp. 155–164. ISBN 9789813226555.
^Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; et al. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4.
^"Nihonium (Nh) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®". American Elements: The Materials Science Company. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Nh and atomic number 113. It is extremely radioactive: its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286...
Nihonium (113Nh) is a synthetic element. Being synthetic, a standard atomic weight cannot be given and like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes...
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ISBN 978-3-319-01095-3. IUPAC 2016, "IUPAC is naming the four new elements nihonium, moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson" accessed 27 August 2016. Iyengar...