In biology, cells derived from a single clonal origin
In biology, monoclonality refers to the state of a line of cells that have been derived from a single clonal origin.[1] Thus, "monoclonal cells" can be said to form a single clone. The term monoclonal comes from Ancient Greek monos 'alone, single', and klon 'twig'.[2]
The process of replication can occur in vivo, or may be stimulated in vitro for laboratory manipulations. The use of the term typically implies that there is some method to distinguish between the cells of the original population from which the single ancestral cell is derived, such as a random genetic alteration, which is inherited by the progeny.
Common usages of this term include:
Monoclonal antibody: a single hybridoma cell, which by chance includes the appropriate V(D)J recombination to produce the desired antibody, is cloned to produce a large population of identical cells. In informal laboratory jargon, the monoclonal antibodies isolated from cell culture supernatants of these hybridoma clones (hybridoma lines) are simply called monoclonals.
Monoclonal neoplasm (tumor): A single aberrant cell which has undergone carcinogenesis reproduces itself into a cancerous mass.
Monoclonal plasma cell (also called plasma cell dyscrasia): A single aberrant plasma cell which has undergone carcinogenesis reproduces itself, which in some cases is cancerous.
^"Monoclonal definition – Biology Online".
^"Monoclonal". Mosby's Medical Dictionary (8th ed.). Elsevier. 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
In biology, monoclonality refers to the state of a line of cells that have been derived from a single clonal origin. Thus, "monoclonal cells" can be said...
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent...
Monoclonal gammopathy, also known as paraproteinemia, is the presence of excessive amounts of myeloma protein or monoclonal gamma globulin in the blood...
The nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic, or nonproprietary, names to monoclonal antibodies. An antibody is a...
A bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb, BsAb) is an artificial protein that can simultaneously bind to two different types of antigen or two different...
Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, or MIDD, is a disease characterised by the deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulins on the basement membrane...
Afucosylated monoclonal antibodies are monoclonal antibodies engineered so that the oligosaccharides in the Fc region of the antibody do not have any fucose...
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which plasma cells or other types of antibody-producing cells secrete...
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have varied therapeutic uses. It is possible to create a mAb that binds specifically to almost any extracellular target, such...
produced in excess by an abnormal monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, typically in multiple myeloma or Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance...
naturally in humans. The process of "humanization" is usually applied to monoclonal antibodies developed for administration to humans (for example, antibodies...
GEMoaB Monoclonals Company type GmbH Industry Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Founded 2011 Founder Gerhard Ehninger, Michael Bachmann Headquarters Dresden...
method for producing large numbers of identical antibodies, also called monoclonal antibodies. This process starts by injecting a mouse (or other mammal)...
small fibre sensory modalities. Plasma cell dyscrasias are a group of monoclonal gammopathies in which normal plasma cells in the bone marrow and soft...
food allergy. Omalizumab is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to free human immunoglobulin E (IgE)...
cell proliferative diseases) are a spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant...
expanding their possible role as mediators in inflammatory disease. Monoclonal antibody Katzmann JA, Clark RJ, Abraham RS, Bryant S, Lymp JF, Bradwell...
ATC code J06 Immune sera and immunoglobulins is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric...
Repatha, is a monoclonal antibody that is an immunotherapy medication for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody...
treatment of lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders (e.g., anti-CD20 monoclonals). Heterologous polyclonal antibodies are obtained from the serum of animals...
Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer...
toxicity, it cannot be used as a drug itself; instead, it is linked to a monoclonal antibody (MAB) which directs it to the cancer cells. In International...
condition, rather than a growth descended from a single mutated cell (monoclonality), as would typically define a benign neoplasm/tumor. Despite this, many...
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