Antibodies from non-human species made nearly identical with human ones
Humanized antibodies are antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to increase their similarity to antibody variants produced naturally in humans.[1][2] The process of "humanization" is usually applied to monoclonal antibodies developed for administration to humans (for example, antibodies developed as anti-cancer drugs). Humanization can be necessary when the process of developing a specific antibody involves generation in a non-human immune system (such as that in mice). The protein sequences of antibodies produced in this way are partially distinct from homologous antibodies occurring naturally in humans, and are therefore potentially immunogenic when administered to human patients (see also Human anti-mouse antibody). The International Nonproprietary Names of humanized antibodies end in -zumab, as in omalizumab (see Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies).
Humanized antibodies are distinct from chimeric antibodies. The latter also have their protein sequences made more similar to human antibodies, but carry a larger stretch of non-human protein.
There are other ways to develop monoclonal antibodies. This list covers many of the monoclonals developed for use in humans.
^Riechmann L, Clark M, Waldmann H, Winter G (1988). "Reshaping human antibodies for therapy". Nature. 332 (6162): 323–7. Bibcode:1988Natur.332..323R. doi:10.1038/332323a0. PMID 3127726. S2CID 4335569.
^Queen C, Schneider WP, Selick HE, Payne PW, Landolfi NF, Duncan JF, Avdalovic NM, Levitt M, Junghans RP, Waldmann TA (Dec 1989). "A humanized antibody that binds to the interleukin 2 receptor". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 86 (24): 10029–33. Bibcode:1989PNAS...8610029Q. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.24.10029. PMC 298637. PMID 2513570. (This is an early example of the use of the term "humanized antibody".)
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Humanizedantibodies are antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to increase their similarity to antibody variants...
host effector functions. Chimeric and humanizedantibodies have generally replaced them in therapeutic antibody applications. Understanding of proteomics...
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent...
antibody is termed chimeric and the substem used was -xi-. Part of the variable regions may also be substituted, in which case it is called humanized...
antibody for treating AIDS, TNX-650 (Lebrikizumab), an anti-interleukin-13 antibody for treating asthma, and TNX-224, an Fab fragment of a humanized antibody...
development for the treatment of allergy and asthma. An anti-M1’ humanizedantibody, quilizumab, is in phase IIb clinical trial. In 2002, researchers...
E-mediated food allergy. Omalizumab is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to free human immunoglobulin E (IgE)...
Pembrolizumab, sold under the brand name Keytruda, is a humanizedantibody used in cancer immunotherapy that treats melanoma, lung cancer, head and neck...
-Zumab is the suffix for humanized monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibodies by definition contain only a single antibody clone and have binding specificity...
A humanized mouse is a genetically modified mouse that has functioning human genes, cells, tissues and/or organs. Humanized mice are commonly used as...
thermostability of the antibody as a whole. Antibodyhumanization is an example of beneficial genetic engineering in medicine today. Humanizedantibody refers to the...
fully humanizedantibody was created by scientists at Agensys (part of Astellas) using Xenomice from Amgen; the linker technology holding the antibody and...
OSE's late-preclinical-stage candidate OSE-172, a checkpoint inhibitor antibody designed to treat solid tumors. In the same month Boehringer announced...
antibodies attempt to reduce murine antibodies' immunogenicity by replacing part of the antibody with the corresponding human counterpart. Humanized antibodies...
Daclizumab (trade name Zinbryta) is a therapeutic humanized monoclonal antibody which was used for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple...
studied. Injections of tocilizumab may also be used. Tocilizumab is a humanizedantibody that targets the interleukin-6 receptor, which is a key cytokine involved...
(DENV-4)-neutralizing antibody and protection against DENV-4 challenge in mice and rhesus monkeys by passively transferred humanizedantibody". J Virol. 81 (23):...
Loqtorzi, is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of melanoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Toripalimab is a recombinant humanized programmed cell death...
B-cell lymphoma. It is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanizedantibody targeting the protein CD19. The most common side effects include increased...
dacli-zu-mab. See the list of monoclonal antibodies for more examples. In addition to chimeric and humanizedantibodies, there are other pharmaceutical purposes...
administered by intravenous infusion. The medication consists of a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD22 (inotuzumab), linked to a cytotoxic agent from...
(December 2008). "Treatment of active Crohn's disease with MLN0002, a humanizedantibody to the alpha4beta7 integrin". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology...
Monalizumab, a humanized anti-NKG2A antibody(formerly IPH2201) is an investigational drug being studied for rheumatoid arthritis, gynecologic malignancies...
Emicizumab, sold under the brand name Hemlibra, is a humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody for the treatment of haemophilia A, developed by Genentech...
of CD40 ligand in complex with the Fab fragment of a neutralizing humanizedantibody". Structure. 9 (4): 321–9. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00590-1. PMID 11525169...
Risankizumab, sold under the brand name Skyrizi, is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and...
in Alzheimer's disease. Transgenic mice were used to source the humanizedantibodies, as DNA was injected during the embryotic stage. The mice used had...
is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Rozanolixizumab is a humanized and chimeric monoclonal antibody; and is a neonatal...
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