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Mongol invasions of the Levant information


Mongol invasions of the Levant
Mamluk–Ilkhanid War

1260 Mongol offensives in the Levant
Date1260–1323
Location
Levant and Anatolia
Result Mongol invasions halted by the Mamluks
  • Treaty of Aleppo
  • Conversion of Ilkhanate to Islam[1][2]
Territorial
changes
Mongols temporarily conquer parts of Levant
Mongols fail to conquer the Mamluk Sultanate
Belligerents

Mongol invasions of the Levant Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire

  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Cilician Armenia
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Kingdom of Georgia
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Antioch-Tripoli
  • Yuan Empire
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (1259–1264)
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Kingdom of Jerusalem
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Knights Templar
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Knights Hospitaller
Mongol invasions of the Levant Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate
Mongol invasions of the Levant Ayyubid remnants
Mongol invasions of the Levant Nizari Ismailis of Syria
Mongol invasions of the Levant Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (after 1264)
Mongol invasions of the Levant Karamanid rebels
Mongol invasions of the Levant Abbasids
Commanders and leaders
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Kitbuqa 
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Baidar
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Samgar
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Abagha
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Möngke-Temur
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Ghazan
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Kutluqshah
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Oljeitu
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Hethum of Armenia
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Leo II of Armenia
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Demetrius II of Georgia
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Bohemond VI of Antioch
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Jacques de Molay
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Qutuz X
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Baibars
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Salar
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Baibars II
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Al-Nasir Muhammad
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Qalawun
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Mehmet of Karaman Executed
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant An-Nasir Yusuf Executed
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Al-Kamil Muhammad Executed
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Abu'l-Qasim Ahmad al-Mustansir 
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Mujaheduddin Aybak Dwadar 
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Al-Musta'sim Executed
  • Mongol invasions of the Levant Sulaiman Shah Executed
Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown (heavier than the Mamluks) Unknown (heavy)

Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mongols were forced to retreat within months each time by other forces in the area, primarily the Egyptian Mamluks. The post-1260 conflict has been described as the Mamluk–Ilkhanid War.

  1. ^ Meri, Josef (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 9780415966900.
  2. ^ Dashdondog, Bayarsaikhan; Atwood, Christopher P.; May, Timothy (2020). New Approaches to Ilkhanid History. Brill. ISBN 9789004438217.

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