Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire information
Part of the first great Mongol invasion of Europe
Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire took place in the spring of 1241 and again in the winter of 1241–42. They were part of the first Mongol invasion of Europe.
"A Tartar Feast", miniature illustration by Matthew Paris depicting Mongol cannibalism at the siege of Neustat
The Mongols did not advance far into the Holy Roman Empire and there was no major clash of arms on its territory. Rather, the army that had invaded Poland, after harassing eastern Germany, crossed the March of Moravia in April–May 1241 to rejoin the army that had invaded Hungary. During their transit, they laid waste the Moravian countryside but avoided strongholds. King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia was joined by some German princes, but he monitored the Mongols in Moravia without seeking battle. There were more significant skirmishes in the north of the Duchy of Austria a month later that left several hundred dead, but there was no cooperation between the Austrians and Hungarians.
In response to the Mongol threat, the imperial church and the imperial princes held assemblies to organize a military response. Pope Gregory IX ordered the preaching of a crusade and from Italy Emperor Frederick II issued an encyclical to that end. A crusading army under the command of King Conrad IV of Germany mustered on 1 July 1241, but was disbanded a few weeks after setting out because the danger had passed.
Although there was no major military action in the Empire, rumours that the Mongols had been checked there spread far beyond the Empire's borders. There are records in several languages from Spain to Armenia of the Bohemian or German king defeating the Mongols and forcing their retreat. In Moravia, a supposed victory over the Mongols took on legendary proportions. In Germany, some contemporary writers attributed the Mongols' general retreat from Europe to the intimidating crusading army. In reality, the Mongols likely spared most of Germany because their primary objective was to punish the Hungarian king for supporting the Cumans.
The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in December 1241 and January 1242. A century later in 1340 they raided the March of Brandenburg. Anti-Mongol crusades were preached within the Empire's borders several times between these two raids, and even as late as 1351.
v
t
e
Mongol invasions and conquests
Asia
Burma
First
Second
Central Asia
Qara Khitai
Khwarezm
China
Western Xia
Jin
Eastern Xia
Song
Western Asia
Georgia
Anatolia
Persia
Nizari state
Levant
Palestine
Other invasions
India
Japan
Java
Korea
Sakhalin
Siberia
Tibet
Vietnam
Europe
Kievan Rus
Volga Bulgaria
Cumania
Durdzuketi
Circassia
Alania
Poland (First, Second, Third)
Hungary (First, Second)
Holy Roman Empire
Bulgaria and Serbia
Latin Empire
Lithuania
Byzantine Thrace
Serbia
and 26 Related for: Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire information
spring 1241 – early 1242: MongolincursionsintheHolyRomanEmpire (including Austria and northeast Italy) 1241–1242: Mongol invasion of Croatia and Dalmatia...
European territory into theempire of the Golden Horde. Warring European princes realized they had to cooperate inthe face of a Mongol invasion, so local...
of theMongolEmpireinthe late 1250s, the Egyptian Mamluks reunified Palestine under its control before the Ottoman Empire conquered the region in 1516...
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern RomanEmpire, was the continuation of theRomanEmpire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity...
The term Western RomanEmpire is used in modern historiography to refer to the western provinces of theRomanEmpire, collectively, during any period in...
of the Caucasus, involved multiple invasions and large-scale raids throughout the 13th century. TheMongolEmpire first appeared inthe Caucasus in 1220...
the MongolincursionsintheHolyRomanEmpire but was later repulsed by Duke Friederich and his knights. In 1246 it was the scene of a victory of the Hungarians...
against the Kingdom of Lithuania ruled by Mindaugas, devastating the country. It was in response to Lithuanian incursions on Mongol-held territories in 1255...
Starting inthe 1240s, theMongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300,...
From 1264 to 1308, theMongolEmpire (and its successor the Yuan dynasty) made several incursions into the island of Sakhalin off the east coast of Siberia...
of theRomanEmpire, the Carolingian Empire, the largely Germanic HolyRomanEmpire, and the Russian Empire. Yet, these states did not always fit the geographic...
powers. With the brief exception of theMongol invasions inthe 13th century, major nomadic incursions ceased. The powerful Byzantine Empire of the Macedonian...
forces of Imre Thököly and the HolyRomanEmpire (the border of which was then northern Hungary) intensified, and theincursions of Habsburg forces into central...
as a fief from the hands of the East Frankish king Henry II in 1002 and the duchy became an Imperial State of theHolyRomanEmpire. The Duchy of Bohemia...
by theMongolEmpire, and later the Yuan dynasty, against the kingdom of Đại Việt (modern-day northern Vietnam) ruled by the Trần dynasty and the smaller...
the medieval HolyRomanEmpire. Competing French and German nationalisms in later centuries would claim succession from Charlemagne and the original kingdom...
rebellions and Mongolincursions. After initial success, the crusade ended in defeat, with most of the army – including the king – captured by the Muslims....
During theMongol invasion of Europe, Mongol tumens led by Batu Khan and Kadan invaded Serbia and then Bulgaria inthe spring of 1242 after defeating the Hungarians...
people began inthe late 4th century AD and made gradual incursions into various parts of theRomanEmpire. The fall of the Western RomanEmpirein AD 476 traditionally...
which effectively marked the end of the Eastern RomanEmpire, Georgia's traditional ally. As a result of these processes, by the 15th century Georgia fractured...
representing theHolyRomanEmpire as founded by Charlemagne, and committing to linguistic and cultural uniformity. They insisted on the use of the Latin liturgy...
This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the Eastern RomanEmpire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Several...
The Omani Empire (Arabic: الْإِمْبَرَاطُورِيَّة الْعُمَانِيَّة) was a maritime empire, vying with Portugal and Britain for trade and influence inthe...
Global Information