Part of the Mongol invasion of East Asia and Kublai Khan's campaigns
Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281
Date
1274, 1281
Location
Northern Kyūshū, Japan
Result
Japanese victory
Tsushima, Iki Island, and Hakata-ku pillaged by Yuan Mongols
Belligerents
Kamakura shogunate
Hōjō clan
Sō clan
Shōni clan
Sashi clan
Taira clan
Kikuchi clan
Ōtomo clan
Shimazu clan
Matsuura clan
Yuan dynasty
Goryeo
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Go-Uda
Prince Koreyasu
Hōjō Tokimune
Shōni Sukeyoshi
Ōtomo Yoriyasu
Shōni Tsuneyasu
Shōni Kageyasu
Kikuchi Takefusa
Takezaki Suenaga
Shiroishi Michiyasu
Fukuda Kaneshige
Togō Korechika
Hida Nagamoto
Mitsui Yasunaga
Sō Sukekuni
Taira no Kagetaka
Sashi Fusashi
Sashi Nao
Sashi Tōdō
Sashi Isamu
Ishiji Kane
Ishiji Jirō
Yamashiro Kai
Yuan dynasty:
Kublai Khan
Holdon
Liu Fuheng/Liu Fuxiang/Yu-Puk Hyong
Atagai
Hong Dagu
Ala Temür
Fan Wenhu
Li T'ing
Goryeo dynasty:
King Wonjong
King Chungnyeol
Kim Bang-gyeong
Strength
1274: 4,000–6,000[1]
1281: 40,000 (?)
Reinforcements by Rokuhara Tandai: 60,000 (not yet arrived)
1274: 28,000–30,000[2][3] with 3,500 ships
1281: 100,000 and 40,000[4] with 900 ships
Casualties and losses
1274/1281: ?
1274: 13,500[5]
1281: 100,000[6]
v
t
e
Mongol invasions and conquests
Asia
Burma
First
Second
Central Asia
Qara Khitai
Khwarezm
China
Western Xia
Jin
Eastern Xia
Song
Western Asia
Georgia
Anatolia
Persia
Nizari state
Levant
Palestine
Other invasions
India
Japan
Java
Korea
Sakhalin
Siberia
Tibet
Vietnam
Europe
Kievan Rus
Volga Bulgaria
Cumania
Durdzuketi
Circassia
Alania
Poland (First, Second, Third)
Hungary (First, Second)
Holy Roman Empire
Bulgaria and Serbia
Latin Empire
Lithuania
Byzantine Thrace
Serbia
v
t
e
Mongol Invasions of Japan
First Invasion (1274)
Battle of Tsushima (1274)
Battle of Iki Island (1274)
Hirato, Taka, Nokono Island
Battle of Akasaka
Battle of Torikai-Gata
Second Invasion (1281)
Battle of Tsushima Island (1281)
Battle of Shika Island
Battle of Iki Island (1281)
Battle of Mikuriya
Battle of Taka Island
Major military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago after the submission of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo to vassaldom. Ultimately a failure, the invasion attempts are of macro-historical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining events in the history of Japan. The invasions are referred to in many works of fiction and are the earliest events for which the word kamikaze (神風 "divine wind") is widely used, originating in reference to the two typhoons faced by the Yuan fleets.
The invasions were one of the earliest cases of gunpowder warfare outside of China. One of the most notable technological innovations during the war was the use of explosive, hand-thrown bombs.[7]
^Conlan 2001, pp. 261–263 cites a variety of estimate from various Japanese historians as well as the author's own.
^Twitchett 1994, pp. 437–442.
^Turnbull 2010, p. 32.
^Turnbull 2010, pp. 55–57.
^Turnbull 2010, pp. 49–50.
^Turnbull 2010, pp. 69–76.
^Turnbull, Stephen (19 February 2013). The Mongol Invasions of Japan 1274 and 1281. Osprey Publishing. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-1-4728-0045-9. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
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