While this purified DNA precipitated in a flask of water (left) appears to be a formless mass to the naked eye, at the nanoscale, nucleic acids possess intricate structure (right).
Molecular models of DNA structures are representations of the molecular geometry and topology of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules using one of several means, with the aim of simplifying and presenting the essential, physical and chemical, properties of DNA molecular structures either in vivo or in vitro. These representations include closely packed spheres (CPK models) made of plastic, metal wires for skeletal models, graphic computations and animations by computers, artistic rendering. Computer molecular models also allow animations and molecular dynamics simulations that are very important for understanding how DNA functions in vivo.
The more advanced, computer-based molecular models of DNA involve molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics computations of vibro-rotations, delocalized molecular orbitals (MOs), electric dipole moments, hydrogen-bonding, and so on. DNA molecular dynamics modeling involves simulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecular geometry and topology changes with time as a result of both intra- and inter- molecular interactions of DNA. Whereas molecular models of DNA molecules such as closely packed spheres (CPK models) made of plastic or metal wires for skeletal models are useful representations of static DNA structures, their usefulness is very limited for representing complex DNA dynamics. Computer molecular modeling allows both animations and molecular dynamics simulations that are very important to understand how DNA functions in vivo.
and 25 Related for: Molecular models of DNA information
MolecularmodelsofDNA structures are representations of the molecular geometry and topology of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules using one of several...
testing hypotheses. The creation of mathematical modelsofmolecular properties and behavior is referred to as molecularmodeling, and their graphical depiction...
Molecularmodelling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules. The methods are used in...
In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. The double helical...
DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional...
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diːˈɒksɪˌraɪboʊnjuːˌkliːɪk, -ˌkleɪ-/ ; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form...
Molecular design software is notable software for molecularmodeling, that provides special support for developing molecularmodels de novo. In contrast...
fundamental basis of constructing a phylogenetic tree. The third stage includes different modelsofDNA and amino acid substitution. Several modelsof substitution...
nucleotide sequences for DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequences for proteins. The notion of the existence of a so-called "molecular clock" was first attributed...
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas ofDNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication...
Molecular genetics is a branch of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression ofDNA molecules manifests as variation among...
the DNA. DNA ligase is used in both DNA repair and DNA replication (see Mammalian ligases). In addition, DNA ligase has extensive use in molecular biology...
are stochastic, molecular motors are often modeled with the Fokker–Planck equation or with Monte Carlo methods. These theoretical models are especially...
proteins employed in the machinery ofDNA replication, DNA repair, DNA recombination, and in the assembly ofmolecular structures. In 1928, Frederick Griffith...
crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures ofDNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses,...
Molecularmodeling on GPU is the technique of using a graphics processing unit (GPU) for molecular simulations. In 2007, NVIDIA introduced video cards...
hormone therapy. DNA methylation can also be detected by computational models through sophisticated algorithms and methods. Computational models can facilitate...
substitution model, also called modelsof sequence evolution, are Markov models that describe changes over evolutionary time. These models describe evolutionary...
In molecular biology, linker DNA is double-stranded DNA (38-53 base pairs long) in between two nucleosome cores that, in association with histone H1, holds...
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis ofDNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors...
of reactions is widely used in the laboratory to convert RNA to DNA for use in molecular cloning, RNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or genome...
find a molecularmodelofDNA. Of great importance to the model building effort of Watson and Crick was Rosalind Franklin's understanding of basic chemistry...
DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given strand may be "positively...