This article discusses the cell membrane models proposed from the years 1880 to 2000, which all led to the discovery of the current Fluid Mosaic Model of membranes.
For artificial membranes, see Model membrane.
Before the emergence of electron microscopy in the 1950s, scientists did not know the structure of a cell membrane or what its components were; biologists and other researchers used indirect evidence to identify membranes before they could actually be visualized. Specifically, it was through the models of Overton, Langmuir, Gorter and Grendel, and Davson and Danielli, that it was deduced that membranes have lipids, proteins, and a bilayer. The advent of the electron microscope, the findings of J. David Robertson, the proposal of Singer and Nicolson, and additional work of Unwin and Henderson all contributed to the development of the modern membrane model. However, understanding of past membrane models elucidates present-day perception of membrane characteristics. Following intense experimental research, the membrane models of the preceding century gave way to the fluid mosaic model that is accepted today.
development of the modern membranemodel. However, understanding of past membranemodels elucidates present-day perception of membrane characteristics. Following...
cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that...
within the cell membrane are dynamic rather than static. Previous models of biological membranes included the Robertson Unit MembraneModel and the Davson-Danielli...
of the membrane is now known in great detail, including 3D models of many of the hundreds of different proteins that are bound to the membrane. These...
A biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment...
A model lipid bilayer is any bilayer assembled in vitro, as opposed to the bilayer of natural cell membranes or covering various sub-cellular structures...
The fetal membranes are the four extraembryonic membranes, associated with the developing embryo, and fetus in humans and other mammals. They are the...
abstraction/detail level: Electrical input–output membrane voltage models – These models produce a prediction for membrane output voltage as a function of electrical...
particles. Membranes can be generally classified into synthetic membranes and biological membranes. Biological membranes include cell membranes (outer coverings...
Membrane technology encompasses the scientific processes used in the construction and application of membranes. Membranes are used to facilitate the transport...
Membrane bioreactors are combinations of membrane processes like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process, the...
consists of two lipid bilayer membranes: an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane. The space between the membranes is called the perinuclear...
Semipermeable membrane is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis. The...
In biology, membrane fluidity refers to the viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane or a synthetic lipid membrane. Lipid packing can influence...
Membrane keyboards work by electrical contact between the keyboard surface and the underlying circuits when keytop areas are pressed. These models were...
In quantum mechanics, a Dirac membrane is a model of a charged membrane introduced by Paul Dirac in 1962. Dirac's original motivation was to explain the...
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of...
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending...
cellular membranes. It is a sub-task of creating a cellular model. Membrane computing deals with distributed and parallel computing models, processing...
The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), also known as the chorioallantois, is a highly vascularized membrane found in the eggs of certain amniotes like birds...
involving membranes interpolating from the known symmetries of superstring theory. It may turn out that there exist membranemodels or other non-membrane models...
The fences and pickets model of plasma membrane is a concept of cell membrane structure suggesting that the fluid plasma membrane is compartmentalized by...
more effective in modeling the otolithic membrane by several studies, but has also been opposed by other researchers. Similar models have even been developed...
remained regarding the role of proteins in the cell membrane. Eventually the fluid mosaic model was composed in which proteins “float” in a fluid lipid...
2008). "Droplet detachment in cross-flow membrane emulsification: Comparison among torque- and force-based models". Chemical Engineering and Processing:...
two generic models, one of cell membrane potential Goldman (1943) and Hodgkin and Katz (1949), and the other based on Hodgkin-Huxley model of action potential...
In cellular biology, membrane transport refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through...
osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure...
other lipids and proteins in the membrane, the latter typically in the form of isolated rafts. Of the numerous models that have been developed to describe...
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