Schematic figure of cross-flow membrane emulsification
Membrane emulsification (ME) is a relatively novel technique for producing all types of single and multiple emulsions for DDS (drug delivery systems), solid micro carriers for encapsulation of drug or nutrient, solder particles for surface-mount technology, mono dispersed polymer microspheres (for analytical column packing, enzyme carriers, liquid crystal display spacers, toner core particles).[1][2][3][4][5][6] Membrane emulsification was introduced by Nakashima and Shimizu in the late 1980s in Japan.[7][8]
^Shimizu, M.; K. Torigoe; I. Akazaki; T. Nakashima (2001). "Preparation of monodispersed solder microspheres by membrane emulsification". Proceedings of the 36th SPG Forum.
^Toorisaka, E.; H. Ono; K. Arimori; N. Kamiya; M. Goto (2003). "Hypoglycemic effect of surfactant-coated insulin solubilized in a novel solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 252 (1–2): 271–274. doi:10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00674-9. PMID 12550804.
^Hosoya, K.; K. Yoshizako; K. Kimata; N. Tanaka (1997). "Chromatographic properties of uniformly sized macroporous polymer particles prepared using SPG emulsification". Chromatography - Journal of Separation and Detection Sciences. 18 (4): 226–227.
^Omi, Shinzo; Kazuyoshi Kaneko; Akira Nakayama; Ken'ichi Katami; Tetsuya Taguchi; Mamoru Iso; Masatoshi Nagai; Guang-Hui Ma (1997). "Application of porous microspheres prepared by SPG (Shirasu porous glass) emulsification as immobilizing carriers of glucoamylase (GluA)". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 65 (13): 2655–2664. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970926)65:13<2655::AID-APP7>3.0.CO;2-A.
^Higashi, S.; Shimizu M.; Nakashima T.; Iwata K.; Uchiyama F.; Taneto S.; Tamura S.; Setoguchi T. (1995). "Arterial injection chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using monodispersed poppy seed oil microdroplets containing fine aqueous vesicles of epirubicin – initial medical application of a membrane emulsification technique". Cancer. 75 (6): 1245–54. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19950315)75:6<1245::AID-CNCR2820750606>3.0.CO;2-U. PMID 7882276.
^Huang, B.-R; Wu C.-H.; Sheu R.-F.; Ha Y.-K.; Song H.-S.; Lee H.-J.; Kim J.-H (2000). "Preparation of core particles for toner application by membrane emulsification". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 162 (1): 289–293. doi:10.1016/S0927-7757(99)00235-6.
^Nakashima, T.; Shimizu M. (1986). "Porous glass from calcium alumino boro-silicate glass". Ceramics. 21: 408.
^Nakashima, T.; Shimizu M.; Kukizaki M. (1991). "Membrane Emulsification, Operation Manual". Industrial Research Institute of Miyazaki Prefecture, Miyazaki, Japan.
and 27 Related for: Membrane emulsification information
with a drop-by-drop mechanism. The advantages of membraneemulsification over conventional emulsification processes are that it enables one to obtain very...
can be involved in the process of emulsification: Surface tension theory – according to this theory, emulsification takes place by reduction of interfacial...
animal cells and is an essential structural component of animal cell membranes. In vertebrates, hepatic cells typically produce the greatest amounts...
component of all cell membranes. They can form lipid bilayers because of their amphiphilic characteristic. In eukaryotes, cell membranes also contain another...
lean meat emulsified with fat. The emulsification can be accomplished by grinding, sieving, or puréeing the ingredients. The emulsification may either...
compromise its integrity wash out lubricating oils from pneumatic tools emulsify with the grease used in cylinders clump blasting media and fog painted...
variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended...
main component of biological membranes in eukaryotic cells. They are a type of lipid, of which its composition affects membrane structure and properties....
Egg lecithin has emulsification and lubricant properties, and is a surfactant. It can be totally integrated into the cell membrane in humans, so does...
(PKC). The production of DAG in the membrane facilitates translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Diacylglycerol has been shown to...
outflow almost immediately. During emulsification, the abrupt variations in flow at the start and end of emulsification of each fragment can cause fluctuations...
the process, different attempts were tried to improve the process. In membrane degumming, it was demonstrated that it is possible to separate some free...
from a nontoxic polymer. They are vesicular systems made of a polymeric membrane which encapsulates an inner liquid core at the nanoscale. Nanocapsules...
prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier. Xanthan gum also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices. Xanthan...
microorganisms by disorganizing their membrane lipid bilayer and denaturing their proteins.[citation needed] It also emulsifies oils, enabling them to be carried...
nutrients by increasing the surface area of the intestine. Bile helps in emulsification of fats and also activates lipases. In the large intestine, the passage...
globule starts within the membrane bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum. It starts as a bud and detaches from the ER membrane to join other droplets. After...
fats (largely fatty acids and 2-monoglycerides).[citation needed] Cell membranes are bilayer structures principally formed from phospholipids, molecules...
of unconjugated bile salts. Bile that was released and not used in emulsification of lipids are reabsorbed in the ileum. Also known as the enterohepatic...
quantities as detergents and cleaning agents, but also for example as emulsifiers, wetting agents, foaming agents, antistatic additives, or dispersants...
chylomicrons. Mature chylomicrons are secreted through the basolateral membrane into the lacteals, where they join lymph to become chyle. The lymphatic...
the small intestine of pancreatic enzymes and bile, which facilitates emulsification and micelle formation required for absorption of lipophilic substances...
medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams...
stability and relative nontoxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications...
the most promising application of EC in a membrane system was found to be as pretreatment to a multi-membrane system of UF/RO or microfiltration/reverse...
doxylamine. ETA molecules are a component in the formation of cellular membranes and are thus a molecular building block for life. Ethanolamine is the...
coating. Common paint additives are catalysts, thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, texturizers, biocides to fight bacterial growth, etc. The word surfactant...
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