This article is about the medical use of magnesium sulfate. For more general information on magnesium sulfate, see Magnesium sulfate. For the use of magnesium as a medication, see Magnesium (medical use).
Magnesium sulfate as a medication is used to treat and prevent low blood magnesium and seizures in women with eclampsia.[1] It is also used in the treatment of torsades de pointes, severe asthma exacerbations, constipation, and barium poisoning.[1][2] It is given by injection into a vein or muscle as well as by mouth.[1][2] As epsom salts, it is also used for mineral baths.[3]
Common side effects include low blood pressure, skin flushing, and low blood calcium.[1] Other side effects may include vomiting, muscle weakness, and decreased breathing.[4] While there is evidence that use during pregnancy may harm the baby, the benefits in certain conditions are greater than the risks.[5] Its use during breastfeeding is deemed to be safe.[5] The way it works is not fully understood, but is believed to involve depressing the action of neurons.[1]
Magnesium sulfate came into medical use at least as early as 1618.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7][8] In 2021, magnesium salts were the 211th most commonly prescribed medication, with more than 2million prescriptions.[9][10]
^ abcde"Magnesium Sulfate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
^ abBritish national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 696. ISBN 9780857111562.
^Kogel JE, Trivedi NC, Barker JM, Krukowski ST (2006). "Magnesium Minerals and Compounds". Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses. SME. p. 625. ISBN 9780873352338. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
^World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 75. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ ab"Magnesium sulfate Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017.
^Willett E (2006). Magnesium. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 5. ISBN 9781404210073. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Magnesium Salts - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
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