Study and process of exploring, creating, and delivering value to customers
For the Canadian magazine, see Marketing (magazine). For the British magazine, see Marketing (British magazine).
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Steve Jobs's marketing skills have been credited for reviving Apple Inc. and turning it into one of the most valuable brands.[1][2]
Marketing is the act of satisfying and retaining customers.[3] It is one of the primary components of business management and commerce.[4]
Marketing is typically conducted by the seller, typically a retailer or manufacturer. Products can be marketed to other businesses (B2B) or directly to consumers (B2C).[5] Sometimes tasks are contracted to dedicated marketing firms, like a media, market research, or advertising agency. Sometimes, a trade association or government agency (such as the Agricultural Marketing Service) advertises on behalf of an entire industry or locality, often a specific type of food (e.g. Got Milk?), food from a specific area, or a city or region as a tourism destination.
Market orientations are philosophies concerning the factors that should go into market planning.[6] The marketing mix, which outlines the specifics of the product and how it will be sold, including the channels that will be used to advertise the product,[7][8] is affected by the environment surrounding the product,[9] the results of marketing research and market research,[10][11] and the characteristics of the product's target market.[12] Once these factors are determined, marketers must then decide what methods of promoting the product,[5] including use of coupons and other price inducements.[13]
^Siltanen, Rob (14 December 2011). "The Real Story Behind Apple's 'Think different' Campaign". Forbes. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
^"Searching for Magic in India and Silicon Valley: An Interview with Daniel Kottke, Apple Employee #12". Boing Boing. 9 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
^"The Role of Customers in Marketing | Introduction to Business". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
^Drucker, Peter (1954). The Practice of Management. New York: Harper & Row. p. 32.
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^Diaz Ruiz, Carlos A. (2022). "The Insights Industry: Towards a Performativity Turn in Market Research". International Journal of Market Research. 64 (2): 169–186. doi:10.1177/14707853211039191. ISSN 1470-7853. S2CID 238711288.
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^Julie Bosman (10 March 2006). "For Tobacco, Stealth Marketing Is the Norm". The New York Times.
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