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Mappiq
ּ
IPA
h
Transliteration
h
Same appearance
dagesh, shuruk
Example
גֹּבַהּ
The word for height in Hebrew, govah. The centre dot in the leftmost letter (which is the letter He) is a mappiq.
The mappiq (מַפִּיק, also mapiq, mapik, mappik, lit. "causing to go out") is a diacritic used in the Hebrew alphabet. It is part of the Masoretes' system of niqqud (vowel points), and was added to Hebrew orthography at the same time. It takes the form of a dot in the middle of a letter (usually ה, he). An identical point with a different phonetic function (marking different consonants) is called a dagesh.
The mappiq is used to indicate that the corresponding letter is to be pronounced as a consonant, although in a position where the letter usually indicates a vowel. Typically, the mappiq is used in the middle of ה (he), though it historically and biblically has been used with י (yodh), ו (vav), and א (aleph).[1]
Before the vowel points were invented, some consonants were used to indicate vowel sounds. These consonants are called matres lectionis. The letter he (transliterated H) at the end of a word (Hebrew is written from right to left) can indicate the vowel sound a or e. When it does, it is not acting as a consonant, and therefore in pure phonetic logic the Biblical name Zechariah (among others) should be spelled "Zekharya" without the final "h". However, silent final h being also a feature of English, it is usually retained in Hebrew transliterations to distinguish final he from final aleph.
The divine name Yah has a mappiq (a dot inside the last letter), so the last letter shall not be read as a vowel a, but as the consonant H - and therefore Yah (and not Ya).
The most common occurrence of mappiq is in the suffix "-ah", meaning "her".
A he with mappiq is meant to be pronounced as a full consonant "h". In Mizrahi and Yemenite Hebrew it is pronounced more strongly than a normal he, sometimes with a slight following shwa sound (this rule is also followed by Dutch Sephardim), and in Ashkenazi Hebrew, it is pronounced [ʔʼ]. In modern Hebrew, however, it is normally silent; although it is still pronounced in religious contexts by careful readers of the prayers and scriptures.
^Chomsky, William (April 1973). "Dagesh and Rafe in the Tiberian Tradition". The Jewish Quarterly Review. 63 (4): 353–354. doi:10.2307/1453811. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
The mappiq (מַפִּיק, also mapiq, mapik, mappik, lit. "causing to go out") is a diacritic used in the Hebrew alphabet. It is part of the Masoretes' system...
consonant is rarely indicated by a special marking, hamza in Arabic and mappiq in Tiberian Hebrew. In later Semitic languages, aleph could sometimes function...
(sometimes) that a consonant is single and not double; or, as the opposite to a mappiq, to show that the letters ה or א are silent (mater lectionis). The rafe...
functions, the mappiq and the shuruk, are visually identical to the dagesh but are only used with vowel letters. The dagesh and mappiq symbols are often...
sin-dot and shin-dot, the letter "ש" (sin/shin) is used. 3 The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk have different uses, but the same graphical representation,...
dot is a shuruk and otherwise it is a vav with a dagesh or a mappiq. Furthermore, the mappiq only appears at the end of the word and only in the letter...
can be used. A pataḥ on a letter ח, ע, or הּ (that is, ה with a dot (mappiq) in it) at the end of a word is sounded before the letter, and not after...
pronunciation and not consistent in the spoken language. Note 3: The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk have different functions, even though they look the same. Note...
used since it can only be represented by that letter. Note 3: The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk are different, however, they look the same and are inputted...
is geminate or unspirantized, and a raphe indicates spirantization. The mappiq indicates that ה is consonantal, not silent, in syllable-coda position...
used, meaning "her" (see Mappiq). The final H sound is hardly ever pronounced in Modern Hebrew. However, the final H with Mappiq still retains the guttural...
alphabet adapted as the Pahlavi scripts. Hebrew spelling Ktiv hasar niqqud Mappiq Niqqud Tiberian vocalization Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics...
suso (his horse) תּוֹרָתוֹ torato (his law) ָ הּ (Kamatz and He with Mappiq) Third person, singular, feminine possessive. Her סוּסָהּ susah (her horse)...
GREEK ANO TELEIA Greek ánō stigmē ּ ּ U+05BC HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPPIQ Hebrew point dagesh or mapiq ᛫ ᛫ U+16EB RUNIC SINGLE PUNCTUATION Runic...
sin-dot and shin-dot, the letter "ש" (sin/shin) is used. [3] The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk have different uses, but the same graphical representation,...
gimel with dagesh as [ɡ]. Dutch Sephardim take care to pronounce he with mappiq as a full "h", usually repeating the vowel: vi-yamlich malchutéhe. The accentuation...
naз, however, is identical to a חטף פתח and חטף סגול. Final hê/hej with mappîq/mefiq (a dot in the centre) has an aspirated sound, generally stronger sounding...
(pauses), do not write the accent over the stressed syllable, and do not mark mappiq, while later manuscripts do. In the simple system there are only eight types...
pronounced [d] as in Israeli Hebrew, not [ð] as in Yemenite Hebrew. ה (He with mappiq) is often pronounced with a very short postpended schwa [ə]. ו (Waw) is...
dagéš in Bet, Kaf and Pe (בּ, כּ, פּ vs. ב, כ, פ), Šin Smalít (שׂ) and mappíq (הּ), while abandoning all other vowel dots (in everyday writing). According...
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