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Dagesh information


Dagesh
ּ
Usage
Writing systemHebrew alphabet
TypeAbjad
Language of originHebrew
Phonetic usage
  • Biblical
  • ḥazaq: [ː] (gemination), qal: [β]→[b], [ɣ]→[ɡ], [ð]→[d], [x]→[k], [ɸ]→[p], [θ]→[t]
  • Modern
  • [v]→[b], [x]~[χ]→[k], [f]→[p]
Unicode codepointU+05BC
History
Development
  • ּ
SistersMappiq, shuruk
Transliteration equivalents
  • Biblical
  • ḥazaq: doubled consonant, qal: none[a]
  • Modern
  • v→b, kh→k, f→p
Other
Other letters commonly used with בbet, גgimel, דdalet, כkaf, פpe, תtav
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Dagesh in Hebrew. The red dot on the rightmost character (the letter dalet) is a dagesh.
The word dagesh in Hebrew. The red dot on the rightmost character (the letter dalet) is a dagesh.

The dagesh (Hebrew: דָּגֵשׁ) is a diacritic that is used in the Hebrew alphabet. It takes the form of a dot placed inside a consonant. A dagesh can either indicate a "hard" plosive version of the consonant (known as dagesh qal, literally 'light dot') or that the consonant is geminated (known as dagesh ḥazaq, literally 'hard dot'), although the latter is rarely used in Modern Hebrew.

The dagesh was added to Hebrew orthography at the same time as the Masoretic system of niqqud (vowel points).

Two other diacritics with different functions, the mappiq and the shuruk, are visually identical to the dagesh but are only used with vowel letters.

The dagesh and mappiq symbols are often omitted when writing niqqud (e.g. בּ‎ is written as ב‎). In these cases, dagesh may be added to help readers resolve the ambiguity.[2] The use or omission of such marks is usually consistent throughout any given context.

  1. ^ "Transliteration Standards of the SBL". www.viceregency.com. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
  2. ^ "הכתיב המלא" [The Complete Spelling] (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.


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The dagesh (Hebrew: דָּגֵשׁ) is a diacritic that is used in the Hebrew alphabet. It takes the form of a dot placed inside a consonant. A dagesh can either...

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indicated by a central dot called dagesh (דגש‎), while the soft sounds lack a dagesh. In modern Hebrew, however, the dagesh only changes the pronunciation...

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Taw

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an /s/ without the dagesh and has the plosive form when it has the dagesh. Among Yemen and some Sephardi areas, tav without a dagesh represented a voiceless...

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Resh

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exception to the rule… dagesh can be seen in Alef and Reish. See Mesorah haGedolah 43:26 and מכלול נז Minchas Shai 43:26. "Unexpected Dagesh in Reish". Mi Yodeya...

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Gimel

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receive a dagesh qal. The two functions of dagesh are distinguished as either qal (light) or hazaq (strong). The six letters that can receive a dagesh qal are...

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Kaph

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known as a dagesh, it represents a voiceless velar plosive (/k/). There are various rules in Hebrew grammar that stipulate when and why a dagesh is used...

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Kubutz and shuruk

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the left of it. The dot is identical to the grammatically different signs dagesh and mappiq, but in a fully vocalized text it is practically impossible to...

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Shva

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niqqud-variant? Is the following letter, when בג״ד כפ״ת, pointed with a dagesh qal or not? Is the letter which is pointed with shva assigned to the preceding...

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Aleph

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resh, he and heth, cannot receive a dagesh. (However, there are few very rare examples of the Masoretes adding a dagesh or mappiq to an aleph or resh. The...

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Romanization of Hebrew

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and "ו‎" with a dagesh look identical ("וּ‎") and are only distinguishable through the fact that in text with nikud, "ו‎" with a dagesh will normally be...

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Hebrew Braille

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obviously, four consonants with the dagesh point in print have distinct letters in braille, but three others require a dagesh prefix ⠘ in braille. The different...

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ISO 259

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including the diacritical signs (niqqud) used for Biblical Hebrew. The dagesh (dot inside the letter) is always transcribed with an overdot: ḃ, ġ, ż,...

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Begadkefat

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and is preceded by a word ending in an open syllable, then there is no dagesh. Begedkefet spirantization developed sometime during the lifetime of Biblical...

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Niqqud

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2 For sin-dot and shin-dot, the letter "ש‎" (sin/shin) is used. 3 The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk have different uses, but the same graphical representation...

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Dalet

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created when it is spoken. Dalet can receive a dagesh, being one of the six letters that can receive Dagesh Kal (see Gimel). There are minor variations to...

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El Shaddai

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segol followed by dagesh), or, as in this case, as sha- (Shin plus vowel patach followed by a dagesh). The noun containing the dagesh is the Hebrew word...

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Niphal

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(where possible) assimilated into the first root consonant and appears as a dagesh forte. In the imperative and infinitive construct, the prefix is a he (ה‎)...

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Mappiq

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different phonetic function (marking different consonants) is called a dagesh. The mappiq is used to indicate that the corresponding letter is to be pronounced...

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Rafe

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extended system of niqqud (vowel points), and has the opposite meaning of dagesh qal, showing that one of the letters בגדכפת is to be pronounced as a fricative...

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Heth

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(/ˌtaˈpuaħ/). Ḥet, along with Aleph, Ayin, Resh, and He, cannot receive a dagesh. As pharyngeal fricatives are difficult for most English speakers to pronounce...

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Mizrahi Hebrew

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as Morocco). ג‎ (Gimel without dagesh) is pronounced [ɣ] (voiced velar fricative) like Arabic غ. ד‎ (Dalet without dagesh) is normally pronounced [d], but...

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Syrian Jews

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(Bet without dagesh) is traditionally /b/, but in Israel, it is often now [v] under the influence of Israeli Hebrew. ג‎ (Gimel without dagesh) is often pronounced...

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Ernst Ludwig Ehrlich Scholarship Fund

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produced for DAGESH a short film: 'Asylum in Paradise: Eight Visual Artists Based in Berlin'. In November 2017, the premiered at a DAGESH evening event...

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Sephardi Hebrew

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Vowels Sephardim differ on the pronunciation of bet raphe (ב‎, bet without dagesh). Persian, Moroccan, Greek, Turkish, Balkan and Jerusalem Sephardim usually...

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