Macrophage migration inhibitory factor information

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
Identifiers
Symbol	MIF
Pfam	PF01187
InterPro	IPR001398
PROSITE	PDOC00892
SCOP2	1mif / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Pfam
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

MIF
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1CA7, 1CGQ, 1GCZ, 1GD0, 1GIF, 1LJT, 1MIF, 1P1G, 2OOH, 2OOW, 2OOZ, 3B9S, 3CE4, 3DJH, 3DJI, 3HOF, 3IJG, 3IJJ, 3JSF, 3JSG, 3JTU, 3L5P, 3L5R, 3L5S, 3L5T, 3L5U, 3L5V, 3SMB, 3SMC, 3U18, 4ETG, 4EUI, 4EVG, 4F2K, 4GRN, 4GRO, 4GRP, 4GRQ, 4GRR, 4GRU, 3WNR, 3WNS, 3WNT, 4K9G, 4OSF, 4OYQ, 4P01, 4P0H, 4WR8, 4WRB, 4PKZ, 4PLU, 4TRF, 4TRU, 4XX7, 4XX8, 5BS9, 5BSC, 5BSI, 5EIZ, 5HVV, 5CG4, 5J7Q, 5BSJ, 5HVT, 4PKK, 5B4O, 5HVS, 5J7P
Identifiers
Aliases	MIF, GIF, GLIF, Mmacrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), macrophage migration inhibitory factor
External IDs	OMIM: 153620 MGI: 96982 HomoloGene: 55655 GeneCards: MIF
EC number	5.3.3.12
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)
End	23,895,227 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)
End	75,696,074 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	anterior pituitary; ; right adrenal gland; ; renal cortex; ; left adrenal gland; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; Brodmann area 9; ; right uterine tube; ; hypothalamus; ; kidney; ; hippocampus proper;
	Top expressed in
	otic placode; ; somite; ; maxillary prominence; ; abdominal wall; ; primitive streak; ; hand; ; endocardial cushion; ; yolk sac; ; internal carotid artery; ; saccule;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	cytokine activity; isomerase activity; protein binding; chemoattractant activity; phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity; signaling receptor binding; dopachrome isomerase activity; protease binding; cytokine receptor binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	vesicle; myelin sheath; nucleoplasm; extracellular region; cell surface; extracellular exosome; cytoplasm; cytosol; secretory granule lumen; ficolin-1-rich granule lumen; extracellular space;
Biological process	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator; positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; carboxylic acid metabolic process; positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production; immune system process; positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; negative regulation of apoptotic process; negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process; negative regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; protein homotrimerization; positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; cell surface receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion; positive regulation of B cell proliferation; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response; prostaglandin biosynthetic process; innate immune response; negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process; inflammatory response; cell population proliferation; positive regulation of phosphorylation; positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response; leukocyte migration; regulation of macrophage activation; positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling; positive chemotaxis; neutrophil degranulation; interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway; negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; regulation of signaling receptor activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4282
	17319
	ENSG00000276701; ENSG00000240972
	ENSMUSG00000033307
	P14174
	P34884
	NM_002415
	NM_010798
	NP_002406; NP_002406.1
	NP_034928
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), also known as glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF), L-dopachrome isomerase, or phenylpyruvate tautomerase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIF gene.^[5]^[6] MIF is an important regulator of innate immunity.^[7] The MIF protein superfamily also includes a second member with functionally related properties, the D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT).^[8] CD74 is a surface receptor for MIF.^[9]

Bacterial antigens stimulate white blood cells to release MIF into the blood stream.^[10] The circulating MIF binds to CD74 on other immune cells to trigger an acute immune response. Hence, MIF is classified as an inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, glucocorticoids also stimulate white blood cells to release MIF and hence MIF partially counteracts the inhibitory effects that glucocorticoids have on the immune system. Finally trauma activates the anterior pituitary gland to release MIF.^[11]

^ ^a ^b ^c ENSG00000240972 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000276701, ENSG00000240972 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033307 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Weiser WY, Temple PA, Witek-Giannotti JS, Remold HG, Clark SC, David JR (October 1989). "Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding a human macrophage migration inhibitory factor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (19): 7522–6. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.7522W. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7522. PMC 298097. PMID 2552447.
^ Kozak CA, Adamson MC, Buckler CE, Segovia L, Paralkar V, Wistow G (June 1995). "Genomic cloning of mouse MIF (macrophage inhibitory factor) and genetic mapping of the human and mouse expressed gene and nine mouse pseudogenes". Genomics. 27 (3): 405–11. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1070. PMID 7558020.
^ Calandra T, Roger T (October 2003). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 3 (10): 791–800. doi:10.1038/nri1200. PMC 7097468. PMID 14502271.
^ Günther S, Fagone P, Jalce G, Atanasov AG, Guignabert C, Nicoletti F (February 2019). "Role of MIF and D-DT in immune-inflammatory, autoimmune, and chronic respiratory diseases: from pathogenic factors to therapeutic targets". Drug Discovery Today. 24 (2): 428–439. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.003. PMID 30439447. S2CID 53562815.
^ Farr L, Ghosh S, Moonah S (2020). "Role of MIF Cytokine/CD74 Receptor Pathway in Protecting Against Injury and Promoting Repair". Frontiers in Immunology. 11: 1273. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01273. PMC 7325688. PMID 32655566.
^ Barret, James (1980). Basic Immunology and its Medical Application (2 ed.). St.Louis: The C.V. Mosby Company. ISBN 978-0-8016-0495-9.
^ Larson DF, Horak K (2006). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: controller of systemic inflammation". Critical Care. 10 (2): 138. doi:10.1186/cc4899. PMC 1550887. PMID 16677407.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] ENSG00000240972 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000276701, ENSG00000240972 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033307 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid2552447-5] Weiser WY, Temple PA, Witek-Giannotti JS, Remold HG, Clark SC, David JR (October 1989). "Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding a human macrophage migration inhibitory factor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (19): 7522–6. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.7522W. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7522. PMC 298097. PMID 2552447.

[pmid7558020-6] Kozak CA, Adamson MC, Buckler CE, Segovia L, Paralkar V, Wistow G (June 1995). "Genomic cloning of mouse MIF (macrophage inhibitory factor) and genetic mapping of the human and mouse expressed gene and nine mouse pseudogenes". Genomics. 27 (3): 405–11. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1070. PMID 7558020.

[pmid14502271-7] Calandra T, Roger T (October 2003). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 3 (10): 791–800. doi:10.1038/nri1200. PMC 7097468. PMID 14502271.

[8] Günther S, Fagone P, Jalce G, Atanasov AG, Guignabert C, Nicoletti F (February 2019). "Role of MIF and D-DT in immune-inflammatory, autoimmune, and chronic respiratory diseases: from pathogenic factors to therapeutic targets". Drug Discovery Today. 24 (2): 428–439. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.003. PMID 30439447. S2CID 53562815.

[9] Farr L, Ghosh S, Moonah S (2020). "Role of MIF Cytokine/CD74 Receptor Pathway in Protecting Against Injury and Promoting Repair". Frontiers in Immunology. 11: 1273. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01273. PMC 7325688. PMID 32655566.

[10] Barret, James (1980). Basic Immunology and its Medical Application (2 ed.). St.Louis: The C.V. Mosby Company. ISBN 978-0-8016-0495-9.

[pmid16677407-11] Larson DF, Horak K (2006). "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: controller of systemic inflammation". Critical Care. 10 (2): 138. doi:10.1186/cc4899. PMC 1550887. PMID 16677407.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor information

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