Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.[3][4] Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe symptoms.[2] Symptoms may include lethargy, loss of weight, colonic ulcerations, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea.[5][2] Complications can include inflammation and ulceration of the colon with tissue death or perforation, which may result in peritonitis.[2] Anemia may develop due to prolonged gastric bleeding.[2]
Cysts of Entamoeba can survive for up to a month in soil or for up to 45 minutes under fingernails.[2] Invasion of the intestinal lining results in bloody diarrhea.[2] If the parasite reaches the bloodstream it can spread through the body, most frequently ending up in the liver where it can cause amoebic liver abscesses.[2] Liver abscesses can occur without previous diarrhea.[2] Diagnosis is made by stool examination using microscopy, but it can be difficult to distinguish E. hystolitica from other harmless entamoeba species.[3] An increased white blood cell count may be present in severe cases.[2] The most accurate test is finding specific antibodies in the blood, but it may remain positive following treatment.[2] Bacterial colitis can result in similar symptoms.[2]
Prevention of amoebiasis is by improved sanitation, including separating food and water from faeces.[2] There is no vaccine.[2] There are two treatment options depending on the location of the infection.[2] Amoebiasis in tissues is treated with either metronidazole, tinidazole, nitazoxanide, dehydroemetine or chloroquine. Luminal infection is treated with diloxanide furoate or iodoquinoline.[2] Effective treatment against all stages of the disease may require a combination of medications.[2] Infections without symptoms may be treated with just one antibiotic, and infections with symptoms are treated with two antibiotics.[3]
Amoebiasis is present all over the world,[6] though most cases occur in the developing world.[7] About 480 million people are currently infected with about 40 million new cases per year with significant symptoms.[2][8] This results in the death of between 40,000–100,000 people a year.[4] The first case of amoebiasis was documented in 1875. In 1891, the disease was described in detail, resulting in the terms amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess.[2] Further evidence from the Philippines in 1913 found that upon swallowing cysts of E. histolytica volunteers developed the disease.[2]
^"Entamoebiasis". Medical Subject Headings. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaKelly P (2014). "Intestinal Protozoa". Manson's Tropical Infectious Diseases. pp. 664–682.e2. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-5101-2.00050-9. ISBN 978-0-7020-5101-2.
^ abc"General Information | Amebiasis | Parasites | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 29 December 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
^ abCarrero JC, Reyes-López M, Serrano-Luna J, Shibayama M, Unzueta J, León-Sicairos N, de la Garza M (January 2020). "Intestinal amoebiasis: 160 years of its first detection and still remains as a health problem in developing countries". Int J Med Microbiol. 310 (1): 151358. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151358. PMID 31587966. S2CID 203849436.
^Roy M, Rawat A, Kaushik S, Jyoti A, Srivastava VK (August 2022). "Endogenous cysteine protease inhibitors in upmost pathogenic parasitic protozoa". Microbiological Research. 261: 127061. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2022.127061. PMID 35605309. S2CID 248741177.
^Beeching N, Gill G (17 April 2014). "Amoebiasis". Tropical Medicine. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 177–182. ISBN 978-1-118-73456-8.
^Shirley DT, Farr L, Watanabe K, Moonah S (July 2018). "A Review of the Global Burden, New Diagnostics, and Current Therapeutics for Amebiasis". Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 5 (7): ofy161. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy161. PMC 6055529. PMID 30046644.
^Beiting DP, John AR (2022). "Parasitic diseases: Protozoa". Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology. pp. 3022–3038. doi:10.1002/9781119600206.ch146. ISBN 978-1-119-60016-9.
Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. Amoebiasis can be present with...
Entamoeba. Predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis, E. histolytica is estimated to infect about 35-50 million people worldwide...
Genitourinary amoebiasis or renal amoebiasis is a rare complication to amoebic liver abscess, which in turn is a complication of amoebiasis. It is believed...
as shigellosis, or the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica; then it is called amoebiasis. Other causes may include certain chemicals, other bacteria, other protozoa...
Cutaneous amoebiasis, refers to a form of amoebiasis that presents primarily in the skin. It can be caused by Acanthamoeba or Entamoeba histolytica.: 421 ...
also suggest that meiosis was present early in eukaryotic evolution. Amoebiasis, also known as amebiasis or entamoebiasis, is an infection caused by any...
parasite, willing to develop a vaccine and more efficient treatments against amoebiasis. Currently, she is the Minister of International Cooperation in Science...
that is destructive to amoeba, especially parasitic amoeba that cause amoebiasis. Metronidazole, or a related drug such as Tinidazole, Secnidazole or Ornidazole...
Their music has also been compared to that of Frank Zappa. Their album Amoebiasis, although recorded in Providence in late 1996 and early 1997, was released...
pathogenically, causing disease: Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery. Naegleria fowleri (the "brain-eating amoeba") is...
clinicians; the term was first used in 1870. In 1828, James Annersley described amoebiasis, protozoal infections of the intestines and the liver, though the pathogen...
known to cause amoebiasis, which is the third leading cause of parasitic deaths. It is diagnosed by the assessment of stool samples. Amoebiasis is caused by...
several researchers and clinicians. In 1828, James Annersley described amoebiasis, protozoal infections of the intestines and the liver, though the pathogen...
Dharavi. Other reported epidemics include typhoid, cholera, leprosy, amoebiasis and polio. For example, in 1986, a cholera epidemic was reported, where...
years and lead to hepatic amoebiasis, whose diagnosis was not then well established. At the time, if properly diagnosed, amoebiasis was a treatable and often...
G, Mansoor T (July 2005). "Neurohumoral alterations and their role in amoebiasis". Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 20 (2): 142–145. doi:10.1007/BF02867414...
protozoans act as pathogenic parasites to cause diseases like malaria, amoebiasis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, trichomoniasis, Chagas...
condition, saying the report results confirm that the child is afflicted with amoebiasis, from living in an environment with poor sanitation and hygiene. 28 6...
iodoquinol (USAN), brand name Diodoquin, can be used in the treatment of amoebiasis. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is used as...
animals. Entamoeba histolytica is the pathogen responsible for invasive 'amoebiasis' (which includes amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscesses). Others...
transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) Under research Entamoeba histolytica Amoebiasis Most are asymptomatic. Microscopy Those with symptoms require treatment...
meningoencephalitis Entamoeba histolytica – an amoeba that is the cause of amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery Leptospira – a zoonotic bacteria that causes leptospirosis...
meiosis or sexual activity has been reported.[citation needed] Amoeba Amoebiasis Taylor, Monica (August 1927). "The Development of the Nucleus of Amoeba...
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