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Livonians
Flag of the Livonians
Total population
c. 432–616
Regions with significant populations
Latvia (Livonian Coast)
Latvia
166 (2021)[1][2][3]
Ukraine
235 (2002)[4]
Estonia
15 (2021)[5]
Russia
7 (2002)[6]
United States
2 (2018)
Languages
Livonian, Latvian
Religion
Lutheranism
Related ethnic groups
Other Baltic Finns Especially Finns, Estonians, Setos, Võros, Votians and Izhorians
The Livonians, or Livs,[7] are a Balto-Finnic people indigenous to northern and northwestern Latvia. Livonians historically spoke Livonian, a Uralic language closely related to Estonian and Finnish. Initially, the last person to have learned and spoken Livonian as a mother tongue, Grizelda Kristiņa, died in 2013, making Livonian a dormant language.[8] In 2020, it was reported that newborn Kuldi Medne had once again become the only living person who speaks Livonian as their first language.[9] As of 2010, there were approximately 30 people who had learned it as a second language.
Historical, social and economic factors, together with an ethnically dispersed population, have resulted in the decline of Livonian identity, with only a small group surviving in the 21st century. In 2011, there were 250 people who claimed Livonian ethnicity in Latvia.[3]
^Latvijas iedzīvotāju sadalījums pēc nacionālā sastāva un valstiskās piederības(PDF), pmlp.gov.lv
^"Latvijas iedzīvotāju sadalījums pēc nacionālā sastāva un valstiskās piederības 01.01.2019.(The population of Latvia by ethnicity and nationality) – PMLP.gov.lv" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 17, 2019.
^ ab"Meklēt | Oficiālās statistikas portāls". Archived from the original on October 8, 2012.
^Settlement of peoples in Ukraine
^"Rl21428: Population by Ethnic Nationality, Sex and Place of Residence (Settlement Region), 31 December 2021".
^"Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года". Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
^Tuisk, Tuuli: "Quantity in Livonian", Congressus XI. Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum, Piliscsaba, Aug. 10, 2010.
^""Kūldaläpš. Zeltabērns" – izdota lībiešu valodas grāmata bērniem un vecākiem" ["Kūldaläpš. Golden Child" - Livonian book for children and parents published]. Lsm.lv (in Latvian). 2022-10-18. Retrieved 2023-07-19.
The Livonians, or Livs, are a Balto-Finnic people indigenous to northern and northwestern Latvia. Livonians historically spoke Livonian, a Uralic language...
The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237. From 1435 to 1561 it was a member of the Livonian Confederation. The...
Look up Livonian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Livonian may refer to: Livonians, the Livonian people Livonian language, a Finnic language native...
or have learned Livonian in an attempt to revive it, but because ethnic Livonians are a small minority, opportunities to use Livonian are limited. The...
defeated in a battle by Livonians. To avenge Berthold's defeat, Pope Innocent III issued a bull declaring a crusade against the Livonians. Albert von Buxthoeven...
male had paid Pskov one mark when it had been an independent state. The Livonians eventually promised to pay this sum to Ivan by 1557, but were sent from...
Livonian cuisine consists of the cuisine of Livonia and the Livonians, and is characterized by the rich use of local foods. Livonians are a coastal people...
of the Livonians (Livonian: Līvõd plagā; Latvian: Līvu karogs) is a flag used to symbolize the Livonian people. It is in use of various Livonian cultural...
in 1202 to aid the Bishopric of Livonia in the conversion of the pagan Livonians, Latgalians and Selonians living across the ancient trade routes from...
faith. The last battle against the Livonians was the siege of Satezele hillfort near to Sigulda in 1212. The Livonians, who had been paying tribute to the...
The Livonian Knighthood (German: Livländische Ritterschaft, Estonian: Liivimaa rüütelkond, Latvian: Livonijas bruņniecība) was a fiefdom that existed in...
ethnic Livonians that are striving for the revival of the language, with about 210 people with some knowledge of it in the world. The Livonian language...
Livonian Chronicle may refer to one of the following chronicles: Livonian Rhymed Chronicle By anonymous (1180–1290) By Bartholomäus Hoeneke (1340s) Chronicle...
Curonians, Latgalians, Semigallians (sometimes known as the Letts), Livonians and the Lithuanians. The Western merchants would trade silver, textiles...
has declined. It arose from assimilated Livonians, who started to speak in Latvian and assimilated Livonian grammar into Latvian. Although initially...
region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived on the shores of present-day Latvia. By the end of the 13th...
Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia...
Livonian Coast (Livonian: Līvõd rānda; Latvian: Lībiešu krasts) also known as Livonia is a culturally protected territory of Latvia that was historically...
Livonian is a Finnic language, and, as such, is closely related to both Estonian and Finnish. Livonian is a pitch accent language. It has a broken tone...
inhabitants at this time were Finnic,[citation needed] forefathers of Livonians, who were closely related to Estonians and Finns and belonged to Pit–Comb...
Kaltenbrun, also spelled Thies, and commonly referred to as the Livonian werewolf, was a Livonian man who was put on trial for heresy in Jürgensburg, Swedish...
The area of the Livonian province (according to Strelbitsky) is 41,325.4 square versts (47,030.87 km2). Geologically the Livonian province and the island...
Setos), Karelians (including Ludes and Livvi), Veps, Izhorians, Votes, and Livonians. In some cases the Kvens, Ingrians, Tornedalians and speakers of Meänkieli...
and 13th centuries were a violent time in the northern Baltic Sea. The Livonian Crusade was ongoing and the Finnish tribes such as the Tavastians and Karelians...
monks based in the lands of the Livonians and Prussians (Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the Teutonic Order, the Livonian Order) conquered most of the territory...
Livonians suffered greatly during the Great Northern War and suffered a plague in the 18th century. That was the period when the remaining Livonians assimilated...
Global Information
Latvia
Ukraine
Estonia
Russia
United States