Battle on the Ice on Lake Peipus during the Northern Crusades, miniature from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible (16th century)
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t
e
Crusades
Ideology and institutions
Crusading movement
In the Holy Land (1095–1291)
First
1101
Norwegian
Venetian
1129
Second
Third
1197
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Barons'
Seventh
1267
Catalan
Eighth
Lord Edward's
Fall of Outremer
Later Crusades (1291–1717)
Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399
Aragonese
Smyrniote
Alexandrian
Savoyard
Barbary
1390
1398
1399
Nicopolis
Varna
Holy Leagues
1332
1495
1511
1526
1535
1538
1571
1594
1684
1717
Northern (1147–1410)
Kalmar
Wendish
Swedish
1150
1249
1293
Livonian
Prussian
Lithuanian
Russian
Against heretics (1209–1485)
Albigensian
Drenther
Stedinger
Bosnian
Bohemian
Despenser's
Hussite
Popular (1096–1320)
People's (1096)
Children's
Shepherds' (1251)
Crusade of the Poor
Shepherds' (1320)
Reconquista (722–1492)
The Northern Crusades[1] or Baltic Crusades[2] were Christianization campaigns undertaken by Catholic Christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, and also against Orthodox Christian East Slavs.
The most notable campaigns were the Livonian and Prussian crusades. Some of these wars were called crusades during the Middle Ages, but others, including most of the Swedish ones, were first dubbed crusades by 19th-century romantic nationalist historians. However, crusades against Estonians, but also against "other pagans in those parts" were authorized by Pope Alexander III in the bull Non parum animus noster,[3] in 1171 or 1172.[4]
^Christiansen, Erik (1997). The Northern Crusades. London: Penguin Books. p. 287. ISBN 0-14-026653-4.
^Hunyadi, Zsolt; József Laszlovszky (2001). The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity. Budapest: Central European University Press. p. 606. ISBN 963-9241-42-3.
^Pope Alexander III; Curtin, D. P. (May 2008). Non Parum Animus Noster. ISBN 9798869282217.
^Christiansen, Eric. The Northern Crusades. London: Penguin Books. p. 71
The NorthernCrusades or Baltic Crusades were Christianization campaigns undertaken by Catholic Christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against...
1147, the NorthernCrusades were fought against pagan tribes in Northern Europe. Crusades against Christians began with the Albigensian Crusade in the 13th...
the traditional numbered crusades and others that prominent historians have identified as crusades. The scope of the term crusade first referred to military...
the Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399, the Crusades of the 15th Century, the NorthernCrusades, Crusades against Christians, the Popular Crusades and the...
The Wendish Crusade (German: Wendenkreuzzug) was a military campaign in 1147, one of the NorthernCrusades, led primarily by the Kingdom of Germany within...
Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The NorthernCrusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the Catholic kings of Denmark...
possession much longer, the crusades in the Holy Land ultimately failed to establish permanent Christian kingdoms. Crusades against Christians in the East...
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church...
mid-12th century.[citation needed] Second Swedish Crusade Third Swedish CrusadeNorthernCrusades Bishop Fulco Heikkilä, Tuomas (2006). Pyhän Henrikin...
Part of the NorthernCrusades, the Swedish Crusades were campaigns by Sweden in Finland and Novgorod. They include: First Swedish Crusade (1150s) Second...
December 1997). The NorthernCrusades. Penguin UK. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-14-193736-6. Riley-Smith Jonathan Simon Christopher. The Crusades: a History, US, 1987...
(1969). Financing the Crusades (PDF). A History of the Crusades (Setton), Volume VI. Christie, Niall (2014). Muslims and Crusaders: Christianity's Wars...
having historically served as a crusading military order for supporting Catholic rule in the Holy Land and the NorthernCrusades during the Middle Ages, as...
Teutonic Knights and other orders of warrior-monks. It was during these NorthernCrusades that armed conversion of paganism first became a part of Christianity...
in the NorthernCrusades. Having failed to gather an expedition against Palestine, Pope Innocent III resolved in 1207 to organize a new crusade; beginning...
Swedish Crusade to Finland took place in 1293 against Karelians. Early Finnish wars First Swedish Crusade Third Swedish CrusadeNorthernCrusades Battle...
of Lyndanisse or Lindanise was fought on 15 June 1219 during the NorthernCrusades, between the forces of the invading Kingdom of Denmark and the local...
Eric Christiansen, The NorthernCrusades (London: Penguin, 1997), p. 71. Iben Fonnesberg-Schmidt, The Popes and the Baltic Crusades: 1147-1254 (Brill, 2007)...
withstood Christianity until it was violently imposed on them through the NorthernCrusades. Among Poles and East Slavs, rebellions broke out throughout the 11th...
the Baltic crusades, 1147–1254. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15502-2. Fonnesberg-Schmidt, Iben (2009). "Pope Honorius III and Mission and Crusades in the Baltic...
Virginia G. (1969). The Second Crusade (PDF). Chapter XV, A History of the Crusades, Volume I. Brundage, James (1962). The Crusades: A Documentary History. Milwaukee...
centuries several crusades from the Catholic realms of the Baltic Sea area were made against the Finnish tribes. Danes waged at least three crusades to Finland...
Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned NorthernCrusades in the 12–13th century. The Livonian crusade was conducted mostly by the Holy Roman Empire...
Old Prussian settlement Twangste by the Teutonic Knights during the NorthernCrusades, and was named Königsberg in honor of King Ottokar II of Bohemia....
2014-07-24. Carsten Selch Jensen, "Stedinger Crusades (1233–1234)", in Alan V. Murray (ed.), The Crusades: An Encyclopedia, 4 vols. (ABC-CLIO, 2017), vol...
another crusade and for help from the Teutonic Knights. As a result, several edicts called for crusades against the Old Prussians. The crusades, involving...
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