Historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea
This article is about the region in Europe. For other uses, see Livonia (disambiguation).
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Livonia in 1534Swedish Livonia, between Swedish Estonia and Courland (1600s)Livonia in 1820
Livonia[a] or in earlier records Livland,[1] is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived on the shores of present-day Latvia.
By the end of the 13th century, the name was extended to most of present-day Estonia and Latvia, which the Livonian Brothers of the Sword had conquered during the Livonian Crusade (1193–1290). Medieval Livonia, or Terra Mariana, reached its greatest extent after the Saint George's Night Uprising of 1343-1345, which forced Denmark to sell the Duchy of Estonia (northern Estonia conquered by Denmark in the 13th century) to the State of the Teutonic Order in 1346. Livonia, as understood after the retreat of Denmark in 1346, bordered on the Gulf of Finland in the north, Lake Peipus and Russia to the east, and Lithuania to the south.
As a consequence of the 1558–1583 Livonian War, the territory of Livonia was reduced to the southern half of Estonia and the northern half of Latvia.
The indigenous inhabitants of Livonia were various Finnic tribes in the north and Baltic tribes in the south. The descendants of the crusaders formed the nucleus of the new ruling class of Livonia after the Livonian Crusade, and they eventually became known as Baltic Germans.
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^Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). "Livonia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). pp. 816–817.
Livonia or in earlier records Livland, is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived on the...
The Livonian War (1558–1583) was fought for control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a...
his men as castle commanders and administrators of Livonia. In 1238, the Teutonic Knights of Livonia signed the Treaty of Stensby with the Kingdom of Denmark...
The Duchy of Livonia (Polish: Księstwo Zadźwińskie or Księstwo Inflanckie; Lithuanian: Livonijos kunigaikštystė; Latin: Ducatus Ultradunensis; Estonian:...
(Medieval Latin for "Land of Mary") was the official name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its...
Swedish Livonia (Swedish: Svenska Livland) was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1629 until 1721. The territory, which constituted the southern part...
Polish Livonia may refer to: Duchy of Livonia, a dominion of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Inflanty Voivodeship...
The Governorate of Livonia, also known as the Livonia Governorate, was a province (guberniya) and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire...
Livonia was a small airline based at Pärnu Airport in Estonia providing scheduled and charter flights. ICAO Code: LIV Callsign: LIVONIA Air Livonia operated...
The Kingdom of Livonia was a nominal state in what is now the territory of Estonia and Latvia. Russian tsar Ivan IV declared the establishment of the...
(Latin: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) is a Latin narrative of events in Livonia (roughly corresponding to today's inland Estonia and the northern part...
Sword, and The Militia of Christ of Livonia. The seal reads: +MAGISTRI ETFRM (et fratrum) MILICIE CRI (Christi) DE LIVONIA. Following their defeat by the Samogitians...
historical Governorate of Livonia, one of the Baltic governorates of the former Russian Empire Flag of the Kingdom of Livonia of 1570-1578, a client state...
hercogiste, Estonian: Balti Hertsogiriik), or alternatively the Grand Duchy of Livonia, was the name of a short-lived state during World War I that was proclaimed...
Macomb Community College — Warren and Clinton Township Madonna University — Livonia Michigan State University Management Education Center — Troy Monroe County...
Livonia Transmission is a Ford Motor Company transmission factory in Livonia, Michigan. It is located at 36200 Plymouth Road. The plant sits on 182 acres...
The Livonia Avenue station (or Livonia Avenue-Junius Street station) is an elevated station on the BMT Canarsie Line of the New York City Subway. Located...
A Drama in Livonia (French: Un drame en Livonie) is a tragic mystery novel written by Jules Verne in 1893, revised in 1903 and first published in 1904...
form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's...
1521 Livonia in 1534 The Livonian war put an end to the Livonian Confederacy. Despite the very real threat of Muscovite rule over the whole Livonia, Western...
1187 – after 1259), also known in the English-speaking world as Henry of Livonia, was a priest, missionary and historian. He wrote the Livonian Chronicle...
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