This is a list of Immune cells, also known as white blood cells, white cells, leukocytes, or leucocytes. They are cells involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.[1]
Image
Name
Subtype
Class
Alternate Names
Diametere (μm)
Main targets
References
Neutrophil
Granulocyte
Neutrophil
Neutrocytes
Heterophils
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
12-15
Bacteria
Fungi
[2][3][4]
Eosinophil
Granulocyte
Eosinophil
Eosinophiles
Acidophils
12-15
Larger Parasites
Modulate allergic inflammatory responses
[2][3]
Basophil
Granulocyte
Basophil
Basophilic granulocyte
12-15
Release histamine for inflammatory responses
[2][3][5]
Mast Cell
Granulocyte
Mast Cell
Mastocyte
Labrocyte
Mastocytus
8-20
Release histamine for inflammatory responses
[6][7]
Macrophage
Monocyte
Macrophage
Macrophagocytus
Mφ
MΦ
MP
20-21
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Cancer Cells
Cellular debris
[8][9]
Histiocyte
Monocyte
Macrophage
Tissue macrophage
Macrophagocytus immobilis
20-21
Spent neutrophils
General macrophage targets
[10][8]
Kupffer Cell
Monocyte
Macrophage
Stellate macrophages
Kupffer–Browicz cells
Liver macrophage
Macrophagocytus stellatus
20-21
Foreign debris
General macrophage targets
[11][8]
Alveolar Macrophage
Monocyte
Marcophage
Pulmonary macrophage
Dust cell
20-21
Carbon debris from lungs
General macrophage targets
[8]
Dendritic Cell
Monocyte
Dendritic Cell
DC
Cellula dendritiformis
10-15
Process antigen material and present to the T cell
Messengers between innate and adaptive immune system
[12][13]
B Cell
Lymphocyte
B Cell
B lymphocyte
Lymphocytus B
8-10
Produces antibody molecules
[14][4]
Plasma Cell
Lymphocyte
B Cell
Plasma B cells
Effector B cells
Plasmocytus
8-10
Active B cells that produces large amounts of antibodies
[4][15]
Memory B Cell
Lymphocyte
B Cell
MBC
8-10
Memorizes the characteristics of the antigens
Triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response
[4][16]
T Cell
Lymphocyte
T Cell
T lymphocyte
Lymphocytus T
8-10
Virus-infected cells
Cancer cells
Recruits and communicates with other types of immune cells
[4][17]
Memory T Cell
Lymphocyte
T Cell
MTC
8-10
Memorizes the characteristics of the antigens
Triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response
[4][18]
T Helper Cell
Lymphocye
T Cell
Th cells
CD4+ cells
CD4-positive cells
8-10
Aids the activity of other immune cells by releasing cytokines
[4][19]
Natural Killer T Cell
Lymphocyte
T Cell
NKT
6-7
Produces large amounts of immunomodulatory cytokines
Allergens
Cancer cells
Pathogens
[20][21]
Innate Lymphoid Cell
Lymphocyte
Innate Lymphoid Cell
ILC
~6
Secretes signalling molecules
Regulates immune cells
[22][23]
Natural Killer Cell
Lymphocyte
Innate Lymphoid Cell
NK cell
Large granular lymphocytes
LGL
6-7
Virus infected cells
Intracellular pathogens
Cancer cells
[21][24]
^"Leukocyte". National Cancer Institute. U.S. National Institutes of Health. 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2023-08-25.
^ abcWheater PR (1980). Functional histology. Internet Archive. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-01657-8.
^ abcAlberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). "Table 22-1, Blood Cells". Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
^ abcdefgCano RL, Lopera HD (2013-07-18). "Introduction to T and B lymphocytes". In Anaya JM, Shoenfeld Y, Rojas-Villarraga A, Levy RA, Cervera R (eds.). Autoimmunity: From Bench to Bedside [Internet]. El Rosario University Press. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
^"Basophil". Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
^Schulman ES, Kagey-Sobotka A, MacGlashan DW, Adkinson NF, Peters SP, Schleimer RP, Lichtenstein LM (October 1983). "Heterogeneity of human mast cells". Journal of Immunology. 131 (4): 1936–1941. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.131.4.1936. PMID 6194221. S2CID 30353975.
^Krystel-Whittemore M, Dileepan KN, Wood JG (2016). "Mast Cell: A Multi-Functional Master Cell". Frontiers in Immunology. 6: 620. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620. PMC 4701915. PMID 26779180.
^ abcdKrombach F, Münzing S, Allmeling AM, Gerlach JT, Behr J, Dörger M (September 1997). "Cell size of alveolar macrophages: an interspecies comparison". Environmental Health Perspectives. 105 (Suppl 5): 1261–1263. doi:10.2307/3433544. JSTOR 3433544. PMC 1470168. PMID 9400735.
^Mahla RS, Kumar A, Tutill HJ, Krishnaji ST, Sathyamoorthy B, Noursadeghi M, et al. (January 2021). "NIX-mediated mitophagy regulate metabolic reprogramming in phagocytic cells during mycobacterial infection". Tuberculosis. 126: 102046. doi:10.1016/j.tube.2020.102046. PMID 33421909. S2CID 231437641.
^Basit H, Tan ML, Webster DR (2023). "Histology, Kupffer Cell". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29630278. Retrieved 2023-08-25.
^"Cell diameter and total protein of mature den - Mammals - BNID 113239". bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
^Monga I, Kaur K, Dhanda SK (May 2022). "Revisiting hematopoiesis: applications of the bulk and single-cell transcriptomics dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cells". Briefings in Functional Genomics. 21 (3): 159–176. doi:10.1093/bfgp/elac002. PMID 35265979.
^Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). "B Cells and Antibodies". Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
^Seifert M, Küppers R (December 2016). "Human memory B cells". Leukemia. 30 (12): 2283–2292. doi:10.1038/leu.2016.226. PMID 27499139. S2CID 28936531.
^Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). "Helper T Cells and Lymphocyte Activation". Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
^Rahimi RA, Luster AD (2018). Chemokines: Critical Regulators of Memory T Cell Development, Maintenance, and Function. Advances in Immunology. Vol. 138. pp. 71–98. doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2018.02.002. ISBN 9780128151884. PMC 6191293. PMID 29731007.
^Burren OS, Rubio García A, Javierre BM, Rainbow DB, Cairns J, Cooper NJ, et al. (September 2017). "Chromosome contacts in activated T cells identify autoimmune disease candidate genes". Genome Biology. 18 (1): 165. doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1285-0. PMC 5584004. PMID 28870212.
^Wu L, Van Kaer L (January 2011). "Natural killer T cells in health and disease". Frontiers in Bioscience. 3 (1): 236–251. doi:10.2741/S148. PMC 3626278. PMID 21196373.
^ abDickinson AJ, Meyer M, Pawlak EA, Gomez S, Jaspers I, Allbritton NL (April 2015). "Analysis of sphingosine kinase activity in single natural killer cells from peripheral blood". Integrative Biology. 7 (4): 392–401. doi:10.1039/c5ib00007f. PMC 4566154. PMID 25786072.
^Spits H, Cupedo T (2012-04-23). "Innate lymphoid cells: emerging insights in development, lineage relationships, and function". Annual Review of Immunology. 30 (1): 647–675. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075053. PMID 22224763.
^de Lucía Finkel P, Sherwood C, Saranchova I, Xia W, Munro L, Pfeifer CG, et al. (June 2021). "Serum free culture for the expansion and study of type 2 innate lymphoid cells". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 12233. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1112233D. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91500-z. PMC 8192527. PMID 34112824.
^Vivier E, Raulet DH, Moretta A, Caligiuri MA, Zitvogel L, Lanier LL, et al. (January 2011). "Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells". Science. 331 (6013): 44–49. Bibcode:2011Sci...331...44V. doi:10.1126/science.1198687. PMC 3089969. PMID 21212348.
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over substratum as individual cells, again in contrast to epithelial cells. While epithelial cells form the lining of body structures, fibroblasts and...
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aggravate the immune response. Because parasitic worms often induce Th2 cells and lead to suppressed Th1 cells, problems arise when Th1 cells are needed...
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of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected by intracellular pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria), or cells that are damaged...
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activate necessary cell responses, and white blood cells that remove foreign substances. The adaptive immune system, or acquired immune system, is a pathogen-specific...
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