List of fentanyl analogues information

This is a list of fentanyl analogues (sometimes referred to as Fentalogs),^[1]^[2]^[3] including both compounds developed by pharmaceutical companies for legitimate medical use, and those which have been sold as designer drugs and reported to national drug control agencies such as the DEA, or transnational agencies such as the EMCDDA and UNODC.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] This is not a comprehensive listing of fentanyl analogues, as more than 1400 compounds from this family have been described in the scientific and patent literature,^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] but it includes many notable compounds that have reached late-stage human clinical trials, or which have been identified as having been sold as designer drugs, as well as representative examples of significant structural variations reported in the scientific and patent literature. The structural variations among fentanyl-related substances can impart profound pharmacological differences between these drugs, especially with respect to potency and efficacy.^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]

In the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration placed the broadly defined class of "Fentanyl-Related Substances" on the list of Schedule I drugs in 2018, making it illegal to manufacture, distribute, or possess fentanyl analogs.^[21] Temporary control of fentanyl-related substances in Schedule I was extended through December 31, 2024 by Public Law 117-328.^[22]

^ Hassanien SH, Bassman JR, Perrien Naccarato CM, Twarozynski JJ, Traynor JR, Iula DM, Anand JP (August 2020). "In vitro pharmacology of fentanyl analogs at the human mu opioid receptor and their spectroscopic analysis". Drug Testing and Analysis. 12 (8): 1212–1221. doi:10.1002/dta.2822. PMC 8034271. PMID 32415719.
^ Vaughan SR, Fulton AC, DeGreeff LE. Comparative analysis of vapor profiles of fentalogs and illicit fentanyl. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 7055–7062 (2021). doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03670-4
^ Patel JC, Parveen S (January 2022). "In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Fentanyl and Fentalog Metabolites using Hyphenated Chromatographic Techniques: A Review". Chemical Research in Toxicology. 35 (1): 30–42. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00225. PMID 34957817. S2CID 245500557.
^ Mounteney J, Giraudon I, Denissov G, Griffiths P (July 2015). "Fentanyls: Are we missing the signs? Highly potent and on the rise in Europe". The International Journal on Drug Policy. 26 (7): 626–31. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.003. PMID 25976511.
^ Zawilska JB (2017). "An Expanding World of Novel Psychoactive Substances: Opioids". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 8: 110. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00110. PMC 5492455. PMID 28713291.
^ "Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Fentanyl and its Analogues in Biological Specimens" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. November 2017.
^ Vardanyan RS, Hruby VJ (March 2014). "Fentanyl-related compounds and derivatives: current status and future prospects for pharmaceutical applications". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (4): 385–412. doi:10.4155/fmc.13.215. PMC 4137794. PMID 24635521.
^ Armenian P, Vo KT, Barr-Walker J, Lynch KL (May 2018). "Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review". Neuropharmacology. 134 (Pt A): 121–132. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016. PMID 29042317. S2CID 21404877.
^ "Fentanyl-related substances with no known legitimate uses" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. 24 June 2018.
^ Choińska MK, Šestáková I, Hrdlička V, Skopalová J, Langmaier J, Maier V, Navrátil T (January 2022). "Electroanalysis of Fentanyl and Its New Analogs: A Review". Biosensors. 12 (1): 26. doi:10.3390/bios12010026. PMC 8774265. PMID 35049654.
^ Bagley JR, Kudzma LV, Lalinde NL, Colapret JA, Huang BS, Lin BS, et al. (July 1991). "Evolution of the 4-anilidopiperidine class of opioid analgesics". Medicinal Research Reviews. 11 (4): 403–36. doi:10.1002/med.2610110404. PMID 1875771. S2CID 33000913.
^ Skulska A, Kała M, Parczewski A (2004). "Fentanyl and its analogs in the forensic laboratory. Medical and analytical problems" (PDF). Probl Forensic Sci. 59: 127–42.
^ Misailidi N, Papoutsis I, Nikolaou P, Dona A, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S (January 2018). "Fentanyls continue to replace heroin in the drug arena: the cases of ocfentanil and carfentanil". Forensic Toxicology. 36 (1): 12–32. doi:10.1007/s11419-017-0379-4. PMC 5754389. PMID 29367860.
^ Wilde M, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Tagliabracci A, Busardò FP, Auwärter V, Solimini R (2019). "Metabolic Pathways and Potencies of New Fentanyl Analogs". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 10: 238. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00238. PMC 6461066. PMID 31024296.
^ Sofalvi S, Lavins ES, Brooker IT, Kaspar CK, Kucmanic J, Mazzola CD, et al. (October 2019). "Unique Structural/Stereo-Isomer and Isobar Analysis of Novel Fentanyl Analogues in Postmortem and DUID Whole Blood by UHPLC-MS-MS". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 43 (9): 673–687. doi:10.1093/jat/bkz056. PMID 31504606.
^ Varshneya NB, Walentiny DM, Moisa LT, Walker TD, Akinfiresoye LR, Beardsley PM (June 2019). "Opioid-like antinociceptive and locomotor effects of emerging fentanyl-related substances". Neuropharmacology. 151: 171–179. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.023. PMC 8992608. PMID 30904478.
^ Varshneya NB, Walentiny DM, Moisa LT, Walker TD, Akinfiresoye LR, Beardsley PM (September 2021). "Fentanyl-related substances elicit antinociception and hyperlocomotion in mice via opioid receptors". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 208: 173242. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173242. PMC 9044821. PMID 34302853.
^ Varshneya NB, Hassanien SH, Holt MC, Stevens DL, Layle NK, Bassman JR, et al. (January 2022). "Respiratory depressant effects of fentanyl analogs are opioid receptor-mediated". Biochemical Pharmacology. 195: 114805. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114805. PMC 9022371. PMID 34673011.
^ Varshneya NB, Walentiny DM, Stevens DL, Walker TD, Akinfiresoye LR, Beardsley PM (January 2023). "Structurally diverse fentanyl analogs yield differential locomotor activities in mice". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 222: 173496. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173496. PMC 9845183. PMID 36435268.
^ Varshneya NB, Hassanien SH, Holt MC, Stevens DL, Layle NK, Bassman JR, et al. (May 2023). "Fentanyl analog structure-activity relationships demonstrate determinants of diverging potencies for antinociception and respiratory depression". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 226: 173572. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173572. PMC 10326888. PMID 37236405.
^ Drug Enforcement Administration (February 2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I. Temporary amendment; temporary scheduling order". Federal Register. 83 (25). Department of Justice: 5188–92. PMID 29932611.
^ "Fentanyl-Related Substances" (PDF). Drug Enforcement Administration, Diversion Control Division, Drug & Chemical Evaluation Section. Department of Justice. January 2023.

[1] Hassanien SH, Bassman JR, Perrien Naccarato CM, Twarozynski JJ, Traynor JR, Iula DM, Anand JP (August 2020). "In vitro pharmacology of fentanyl analogs at the human mu opioid receptor and their spectroscopic analysis". Drug Testing and Analysis. 12 (8): 1212–1221. doi:10.1002/dta.2822. PMC 8034271. PMID 32415719.

[2] Vaughan SR, Fulton AC, DeGreeff LE. Comparative analysis of vapor profiles of fentalogs and illicit fentanyl. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 7055–7062 (2021). doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03670-4

[pmid34957817-3] Patel JC, Parveen S (January 2022). "In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Fentanyl and Fentalog Metabolites using Hyphenated Chromatographic Techniques: A Review". Chemical Research in Toxicology. 35 (1): 30–42. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00225. PMID 34957817. S2CID 245500557.

[pmid25976511-4] Mounteney J, Giraudon I, Denissov G, Griffiths P (July 2015). "Fentanyls: Are we missing the signs? Highly potent and on the rise in Europe". The International Journal on Drug Policy. 26 (7): 626–31. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.003. PMID 25976511.

[pmid28713291-5] Zawilska JB (2017). "An Expanding World of Novel Psychoactive Substances: Opioids". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 8: 110. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00110. PMC 5492455. PMID 28713291.

[6] "Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Fentanyl and its Analogues in Biological Specimens" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. November 2017.

[pmid24635521-7] Vardanyan RS, Hruby VJ (March 2014). "Fentanyl-related compounds and derivatives: current status and future prospects for pharmaceutical applications". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (4): 385–412. doi:10.4155/fmc.13.215. PMC 4137794. PMID 24635521.

[pmid29042317-8] Armenian P, Vo KT, Barr-Walker J, Lynch KL (May 2018). "Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review". Neuropharmacology. 134 (Pt A): 121–132. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016. PMID 29042317. S2CID 21404877.

[9] "Fentanyl-related substances with no known legitimate uses" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. 24 June 2018.

[pmid35049654-10] Choińska MK, Šestáková I, Hrdlička V, Skopalová J, Langmaier J, Maier V, Navrátil T (January 2022). "Electroanalysis of Fentanyl and Its New Analogs: A Review". Biosensors. 12 (1): 26. doi:10.3390/bios12010026. PMC 8774265. PMID 35049654.

[pmid1875771-11] Bagley JR, Kudzma LV, Lalinde NL, Colapret JA, Huang BS, Lin BS, et al. (July 1991). "Evolution of the 4-anilidopiperidine class of opioid analgesics". Medicinal Research Reviews. 11 (4): 403–36. doi:10.1002/med.2610110404. PMID 1875771. S2CID 33000913.

[12] Skulska A, Kała M, Parczewski A (2004). "Fentanyl and its analogs in the forensic laboratory. Medical and analytical problems" (PDF). Probl Forensic Sci. 59: 127–42.

[13] Misailidi N, Papoutsis I, Nikolaou P, Dona A, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S (January 2018). "Fentanyls continue to replace heroin in the drug arena: the cases of ocfentanil and carfentanil". Forensic Toxicology. 36 (1): 12–32. doi:10.1007/s11419-017-0379-4. PMC 5754389. PMID 29367860.

[pmid31024296-14] Wilde M, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Tagliabracci A, Busardò FP, Auwärter V, Solimini R (2019). "Metabolic Pathways and Potencies of New Fentanyl Analogs". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 10: 238. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00238. PMC 6461066. PMID 31024296.

[pmid31504606-15] Sofalvi S, Lavins ES, Brooker IT, Kaspar CK, Kucmanic J, Mazzola CD, et al. (October 2019). "Unique Structural/Stereo-Isomer and Isobar Analysis of Novel Fentanyl Analogues in Postmortem and DUID Whole Blood by UHPLC-MS-MS". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 43 (9): 673–687. doi:10.1093/jat/bkz056. PMID 31504606.

[16] Varshneya NB, Walentiny DM, Moisa LT, Walker TD, Akinfiresoye LR, Beardsley PM (June 2019). "Opioid-like antinociceptive and locomotor effects of emerging fentanyl-related substances". Neuropharmacology. 151: 171–179. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.023. PMC 8992608. PMID 30904478.

[17] Varshneya NB, Walentiny DM, Moisa LT, Walker TD, Akinfiresoye LR, Beardsley PM (September 2021). "Fentanyl-related substances elicit antinociception and hyperlocomotion in mice via opioid receptors". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 208: 173242. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173242. PMC 9044821. PMID 34302853.

[18] Varshneya NB, Hassanien SH, Holt MC, Stevens DL, Layle NK, Bassman JR, et al. (January 2022). "Respiratory depressant effects of fentanyl analogs are opioid receptor-mediated". Biochemical Pharmacology. 195: 114805. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114805. PMC 9022371. PMID 34673011.

[19] Varshneya NB, Walentiny DM, Stevens DL, Walker TD, Akinfiresoye LR, Beardsley PM (January 2023). "Structurally diverse fentanyl analogs yield differential locomotor activities in mice". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 222: 173496. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173496. PMC 9845183. PMID 36435268.

[20] Varshneya NB, Hassanien SH, Holt MC, Stevens DL, Layle NK, Bassman JR, et al. (May 2023). "Fentanyl analog structure-activity relationships demonstrate determinants of diverging potencies for antinociception and respiratory depression". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 226: 173572. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173572. PMC 10326888. PMID 37236405.

[21] Drug Enforcement Administration (February 2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I. Temporary amendment; temporary scheduling order". Federal Register. 83 (25). Department of Justice: 5188–92. PMID 29932611.

[22] "Fentanyl-Related Substances" (PDF). Drug Enforcement Administration, Diversion Control Division, Drug & Chemical Evaluation Section. Department of Justice. January 2023.

List of fentanyl analogues information

and 22 Related for: List of fentanyl analogues information

List of fentanyl analogues

Fentanyl

List of benzimidazole opioids

List of designer drugs

Butyrfentanyl

Parafluorofentanyl

Norfentanyl

OPPPP

Cyclopentylfentanyl

Phenaridine

Methoxyacetylfentanyl

Acetylfentanyl

Orthofluorofentanyl

Fentanyl tropane

Opioid

Isobutyrylfentanyl

Brorphine

Valerylfentanyl

Benzoylfentanyl

Furanylfentanyl

Cyclopropylfentanyl

Fentanyl azepane