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An ester of carboxylic acid. R stands for any group (organic or inorganic) and R′ stands for organyl group.
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (−R). Analogues derived from oxygen replaced by other chalcogens belong to the ester category as well (i.e. esters of acidic −SH, −SeH, −TeH, −PoH and −LvH groups). According to some authors, organyl derivatives of acidic hydrogen of other acids are esters as well (e.g. amides), but not according to the IUPAC.[1]
An example of an ester formation is the substitution reaction between a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) and an alcohol (R'OH), forming an ester (R−C(=O)−O−R'), where R and R′ are organyl groups, or H in the case of esters of formic acid. Glycerides, which are fatty acid esters of glycerol, are important esters in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids, and making up the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Esters of carboxylic acids with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Phosphoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules. Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties, while polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters of carboxylic acids usually have a sweet smell and are considered high-quality solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers.[2] They are also one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market.[3]
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "esters". doi:10.1351/goldbook.E02219
^Cameron Wright (1986). A worker's guide to solvent hazards. The Group. p. 48. ISBN 9780969054542.
^E. Richard Booser (21 December 1993). CRC Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology, Volume III: Monitoring, Materials, Synthetic Lubricants, and Applications. CRC. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-4200-5045-5.
an ester (R−C(=O)−O−R'), where R and R′ are organyl groups, or H in the case ofestersof formic acid. Glycerides, which are fatty acid estersof glycerol...
cheese, vegetables like celery and other foods. Esters can be formed from oxoacids (e.g. estersof acetic acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric...
This is a listof androgen esters, including esters (as well as ethers) of natural androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and synthetic...
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This is a listof estrogen esters, or ester prodrugs of estrogens. It includes esters, as well as ethers, of steroidal estrogens like estradiol, estrone...
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This is a listof corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) or derivatives of cortisol (hydrocortisone). Most estersof these corticosteroids...
Sucrose esters or sucrose fatty acid esters are a group of non-naturally occurring surfactants chemically synthesized from the esterification of sucrose...
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ingredient list as glycerol esterof rosin. It is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing gum and ice cream. To make the glycerol esterof wood...
steroid ester is an esterof a steroid. They include androgen esters, estrogen esters, progestogen esters, and corticosteroid esters. Steroid esters may be...
group of cholesterol. Cholesteryl esters have a lower solubility in water due to their increased hydrophobicity. Esters are formed by replacing at least...
Amino esters are a class of local anesthetics. They are named for their ester bond and are unlike amide local anaesthetics. Structurally, amino esters consist...
that off. Carbonate esters undergo many of the reactions of conventional carboxylic acid esters. With Grignard reagents carbonate esters react to give tertiary...
replacement therapy (ART), among other indications. Examples of androgen esters include testosterone esters such as testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate...
Polyvinyl esters are a group of thermoplastic vinyl polymers. The most important examples of this group are polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) and polyvinyl propionate...
powerlifters. Side effects of nandrolone esters include masculinization among others. In women, nandrolone and nandrolone esters have been reported to produce increased...
use is in the synthesis of its esters. Salts and estersof valeric acid are known as valerates or pentanoates. Volatile estersof valeric acid tend to have...
Phthalates (US: /ˈθæleɪts/, UK: /ˈθɑːleɪtsˌ ˈfθælɪts/), or phthalate esters, are estersof phthalic acid. They are mainly used as plasticizers, i.e., substances...
a variety of estradiol esters, such as estradiol benzoate and estradiol dipropionate, were introduced for clinical use. Testosterone esters, such as testosterone...
Storm Gaemi (2018) (T1806, 08W, Ester) Tropical Storm Trases (2022) (T2206, 07W, Ester) This article includes a listof named storms that share the same...
is a manufactured glucocorticoid used to treat nasal symptoms. Both the esters, fluticasone propionate (a brand name for which is Flovent) and fluticasone...
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