The Kozak consensus sequence (Kozak consensus or Kozak sequence) is a nucleic acid motif that functions as the protein translation initiation site in most eukaryotic mRNA transcripts.[1] Regarded as the optimum sequence for initiating translation in eukaryotes, the sequence is an integral aspect of protein regulation and overall cellular health as well as having implications in human disease.[1][2] It ensures that a protein is correctly translated from the genetic message, mediating ribosome assembly and translation initiation. A wrong start site can result in non-functional proteins.[3] As it has become more studied, expansions of the nucleotide sequence, bases of importance, and notable exceptions have arisen.[1][4][5] The sequence was named after the scientist who discovered it, Marilyn Kozak. Kozak discovered the sequence through a detailed analysis of DNA genomic sequences.[6]
The Kozak sequence is not to be confused with the ribosomal binding site (RBS), that being either the 5′ cap of a messenger RNA or an internal ribosome entry site (IRES).
^ abcKozak, M. (February 1989). "The scanning model for translation: an update". The Journal of Cell Biology. 108 (2): 229–241. doi:10.1083/jcb.108.2.229. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2115416. PMID 2645293.
^Kozak, Marilyn (2002-10-16). "Pushing the limits of the scanning mechanism for initiation of translation". Gene. 299 (1): 1–34. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01056-9. ISSN 0378-1119. PMC 7126118. PMID 12459250.
^Kozak, Marilyn (1999-07-08). "Initiation of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes". Gene. 234 (2): 187–208. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00210-3. ISSN 0378-1119. PMID 10395892.
^De Angioletti M, Lacerra G, Sabato V, Carestia C (2004). "Beta+45 G --> C: a novel silent beta-thalassaemia mutation, the first in the Kozak sequence". Br J Haematol. 124 (2): 224–31. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04754.x. PMID 14687034. S2CID 86704907.
^Hernández, Greco; Osnaya, Vincent G.; Pérez-Martínez, Xochitl (2019-07-25). "Conservation and Variability of the AUG Initiation Codon Context in Eukaryotes". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 44 (12): 1009–1021. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2019.07.001. ISSN 0968-0004. PMID 31353284.
^Kozak, M (1984-01-25). "Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs". Nucleic Acids Research. 12 (2): 857–872. doi:10.1093/nar/12.2.857. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 318541. PMID 6694911.
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Look up Kozak or kozak in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Kozak may refer to: Kozak (surname) Kozakconsensussequence, in molecular biology Kozak memorandum...
sequences). A sequence logo is created from a collection of aligned sequences and depicts the consensussequence and diversity of the sequences. Sequence logos...
initiation and the Kozakconsensussequence. Her current research interests are unknown as her last publication was in 2008. Marilyn Kozak was listed as one...
Shine-Dalgarno sequence, the Kozakconsensussequence and the RNA polymerase III terminator. In bioinformatics, a sequence entropy, also known as sequence complexity...
a more iron-efficient phenotype. Pribnow box Initiator element Kozakconsensussequence Lifton RP, Goldberg ML, Karp RW, Hogness DS (1978). "The organization...
such as U1, U2, U4, U5, U6, U12 and U3, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, the Kozakconsensussequence and the RNA polymerase III terminator. The secondary structure...
structure and the sequence context around the translation initiation site. A common start site is defined within Kozakconsensussequence: (GCC) GCCACCAUGG...
eukaryotes is more complex than prokaryotes. It contains a Kozakconsensussequence (ACCAUGG). This sequence contains the initiation codon. The initiation codon...
Shine–Dalgarno sequence (AGGAGGU), which is usually 3–10 base pairs upstream from the initiation codon. In contrast, the eukaryotic 5′ UTR contains the Kozak consensus...
initiation of protein translation from mRNA when the AUG codon is in a Kozakconsensussequence. As a consequence, methionine is often incorporated into the N-terminal...
context GCCRCCAUGG, also known as a “KozakConsensusSequence.” Purine (R) and each of the nucleotides within this sequence are highly conserved and provide...
PALB2 tumor suppressor gene Marilyn Kozak, RWJMS Professor of Biochemistry, discoverer of the Kozakconsensussequence Howard Krein, surgeon Sandra Leiblum...
Shine-Dalgarno sequence at its translation initiation site for the binding of ribosomes, while eukaryotes expression vectors would contain the Kozakconsensus sequence...
This may be because the Kozaksequence surrounding the downstream start codon is more similar to the consensusKozaksequence as shown in the table below...
because it encounters a highly conserved sequence (a Kozakconsensussequence in eukaryotes, or Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes). The stalled complex...
19 exons and two polyadenylation signals. Its sequence only partially matches a Kozakconsensussequence. The predicted secondary structure of GOLGA8H...
3' UTR regions of the sequence. There were three exons found in Splice 1 with a Kozakconsensussequence in the overall sequence as well. The mature Homo...
amino acids respectively. There is a kozakconsensussequence present, which confirms it is a protein coding sequence. C8orf58 Isoform 1 has a molecular...
LOC101928193 primary coding sequence mRNA is 3213 nucleotides long. There are no upstream open-reading frames, Kozakconsensussequences, or transmembrane regions...
compositions gimmicky, and Oktay Kozak Ege opined that the "aesthetically repetitive" visuals made the tension sequences more unbearable to watch. In contrast...
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