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Medical condition
Hyporeflexia
Other names
Hypo-reflexia
Specialty
Neurology
Hyporeflexia is the reduction or absence of normal bodily reflexes (areflexia). It can be detected through the use of a reflex hammer and is the opposite of hyperreflexia.
Hyporeflexia is generally associated with a deficit in the lower motor neurons (at the alpha motor neurons from spinal cord to muscle), whereas hyperreflexia is often attributed to lesions in the upper motor neurons (along the long, motor tracts from the brain). The upper motor neurons are thought to inhibit the reflex arc, which is formed by sensory neurons from intrafusal fibers of muscles, lower motor neurons (including alpha and gamma motor fibers) and appurtenant interneurons. Therefore, damage to lower motor neurons will subsequently result in hyporeflexia and/or areflexia.
In spinal shock, which is commonly seen in the transection of the spinal cord (Spinal cord injury), areflexia can transiently occur below the level of the lesion and can later become hyperreflexic. Cases of severe muscle atrophy or destruction may render the muscle too weak to show any reflex and should not be confused with a neuronal cause.
Hyporeflexia may have other causes, including hypothyroidism, electrolyte imbalance (e.g. excess magnesium), and drug use (e.g. the symptoms of benzodiazepine intoxication include confusion, slurred speech, ataxia, drowsiness, dyspnea, and hyporeflexia).[1]
^Wirtz, P. W.; Kuks, J. B.; Wintzen, A. R.; Verschuuren, J. J. (2001-01-13). "[Proximal muscle weakness, depressed tendon reflexes and autonomic dysfunction: the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]". Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 145 (2): 57–61. ISSN 0028-2162. PMID 11225256.
Hyporeflexia is the reduction or absence of normal bodily reflexes (areflexia). It can be detected through the use of a reflex hammer and is the opposite...
shock. Reflex and motor recovery can sometimes occur simultaneously. Hyporeflexia Little, J., Ditunno, J. F., Stien, S., A., Harris, R. M. (1999). "Incomplete...
of innervation. Hypotonia or atonia – Tone is not velocity dependent. Hyporeflexia - Along with deep reflexes even cutaneous reflexes are also decreased...
Reflexes in the spinal cord below the level of injury are depressed (hyporeflexia) or absent (areflexia), while those above the level of the injury remain...
results in both respiratory depression and a loss of deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia). Gel preparations of calcium gluconate are used to treat hydrofluoric...
lower motor neurons are characterized by muscle weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflexia and muscle atrophy. Spinal shock and neurogenic shock can occur from...
group innervated at the level of spinal cord compromise, muscle atrophy, hyporeflexia, muscle hypotonicity or flaccidity, fasciculations Sensory deficits Bowel/bladder...
hypothermia, bradycardia, cardiac conduction abnormalities, hypertension, hyporeflexia and coma sometimes mimicking brain death. Overdose may require intubation...
hyperreflexia, or exaggerated reflexes, and the latter resulting in hyporeflexia or diminished reflexes. However, the strength of the stimulus used to...
Another consequence is the depression of deep tendon reflexes, causing hyporeflexia. Muscle weakness and atrophy are inevitable consequences of α-MN lesions...
for depolarization. This results in decreased deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia), and skeletal muscle weakness. Other symptoms include cardiac arrhythmias...
smooth muscle). With more severe hypokalemia, flaccid paralysis and hyporeflexia may result. Reports exist of rhabdomyolysis occurring with profound hypokalemia...
clinical signs such as muscle weakness, absent or low deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia), and a high-arched palate, along with electron-dense aggregates, called...
(pseudomyotonia), proximal muscle weakness, delayed deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia) especially of the ankles, and a pseudoathletic appearance of hypertrophic...
ascending lower extremity weakness with paresthesias and radicular pain, hyporeflexia or areflexia, and urinary retention. It has been suggested that CMV...
Later cases reported in the early 1990s began to show that hypotonia, hyporeflexia, seizures, and a nonprogressive ataxia were frequent clinical features...
and lower motor neuron findings, such as amyotrophy, hyperreflexia or hyporeflexia, a positive stretch sign, and pathologic plantar response, occurring...
Demyelination in CNS and PNS: Mental retardation Motor dysfunction Ataxia Hyporeflexia Seizures Autosomal recessive 1 in 40,000 to 1 in 160,000 Bone marrow...
encephalitis), often with lower motor neuron symptoms, flaccid paralysis, and hyporeflexia with no sensory abnormalities. West Nile meningitis (WNM) usually involves...
grimacing, movement disorders, difficulty swallowing, poor coordination, hyporeflexia, chorea, and seizures. Patients often mutilated their tongues, lips,...
includes hypotonia, nystagmus, strabismus, dysarthria, dysphagia, areflexia/hyporeflexia, and temporary deafness. More serious symptoms include loss of consciousness...
forearm muscles, foot drop-associated gait problems, hand weakness, hyporeflexia, and tongue percussion, his younger sister wasn't as affected as his...
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