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Alpha motor neuron information


Alpha motor neuron
Alpha motor neurons are derived from the basal plate (basal lamina) of the developing embryo.
Identifiers
NeuroLex IDsao1154704263
THH2.00.01.0.00008
FMA83664
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
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Alpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles.

While their cell bodies are found in the central nervous system (CNS), α motor neurons are also considered part of the somatic nervous system—a branch of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—because their axons extend into the periphery to innervate skeletal muscles.

An alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates comprise a motor unit. A motor neuron pool contains the cell bodies of all the alpha motor neurons involved in contracting a single muscle.

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Alpha motor neuron

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Alpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal...

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Motor neuron

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effectors. Types of lower motor neurons are alpha motor neurons, beta motor neurons, and gamma motor neurons. A single motor neuron may innervate many muscle...

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Gamma motor neuron

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A gamma motor neuronmotor neuron), also called gamma motoneuron, or fusimotor neuron, is a type of lower motor neuron that takes part in the process...

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Lower motor neuron

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Lower motor neurons (LMNs) are motor neurons located in either the anterior grey column, anterior nerve roots (spinal lower motor neurons) or the cranial...

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Beta motor neuron

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motor neuronsmotor neurons), also called beta motoneurons, are a few kind of lower motor neuron, along with alpha motor neurons and gamma motor neurons...

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Renshaw cell

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two ways with an alpha motor neuron. They receive an excitatory collateral from the alpha neuron's axon as they emerge from the motor root, and are thus...

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Primary motor cortex

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cortical neurons, send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto the interneuron circuitry of the spinal cord and also directly onto the alpha motor neurons...

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F wave

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afferent and efferent loops of the alpha motor neuron in its entirety. As such, various properties of F-wave motor nerve conduction are analyzed in nerve...

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Extrafusal muscle fiber

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fibers are the standard skeletal muscle fibers that are innervated by alpha motor neurons and generate tension by contracting, thereby allowing for skeletal...

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Survival of motor neuron

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Survival of motor neuron or survival motor neuron (SMN) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMN1 and SMN2 genes. SMN is found in the cytoplasm...

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Motor nerve

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subtype of motor neuron they are associate with. Alpha motor neurons target extrafusal muscle fibers. The motor nerves associated with these neurons innervate...

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Spinal interneuron

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(afferent) sensory neurons, and (efferent) motor neurons. Different classes of spinal interneurons are involved in the process of sensory-motor integration....

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Neuron

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interconnect with Pyramidal cells Renshaw cells, neurons with both ends linked to alpha motor neurons Unipolar brush cells, interneurons with unique dendrite...

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Anterior grey column

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nerve activity) of alpha motor neurons via interaction with gamma fibers. Alpha motor neuron Beta motor neuron Gamma motor neuron Posterior grey column...

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General somatic efferent fiber

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carrying motor impulses to skeletal muscle through a neuromuscular junction. Of the somatic efferent neurons, there exist subtypes. Alpha motor neurons (α)...

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Stretch reflex

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This increases alpha motor neuron activity, causing the muscle fibers to contract and thus resist the stretching. A secondary set of neurons also causes...

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Motor unit

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In biology, a motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by the neuron's axon terminals, including the neuromuscular...

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Grey column

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cord. The anterior grey column is made up of alpha motor neurons, gamma motor neurons, and small neurons thought to be interneurons. The posterior grey...

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Axon

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neurons of the different motor fibers, were the lower motor neurons – alpha motor neuron, beta motor neuron, and gamma motor neuron having the Aα, Aβ, and...

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Reciprocal inhibition

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the alpha motor neuron that synapses onto the opposing muscle. Because the interneuron is inhibitory, it prevents the opposing alpha motor neuron from...

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Intrafusal muscle fiber

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gamma motor neurons and beta motor neurons that an individual is able to judge the position of their muscles. Alpha motor neuron Beta motor neuron Extrafusal...

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Muscle spindle

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monosynaptically to many alpha motor neurons of the receptor-bearing muscle. The reflexly evoked activity in the alpha motor neurons is then transmitted via...

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Somatic nervous system

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gyrus are transmitted from upper motor neurons, down the corticospinal tract, to lower motor neurons (alpha motor neurons) in the brainstem and ventral horn...

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Neural pathway

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primarily on its origin (in the primary motor cortex, Brodmann area 4) and termination (onto the alpha motor neurons of the spinal cord).[citation needed]...

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Patellar reflex

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spinal cord, completely independent of higher centres. From there, an alpha motor neuron conducts an efferent impulse back to the quadriceps femoris muscle...

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Tetanus toxin

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neurotransmitters inhibit the alpha motor neurons. With diminished inhibition, the resting firing rate of the alpha motor neuron increases, producing rigidity...

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Hyporeflexia

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lower motor neurons (at the alpha motor neurons from spinal cord to muscle), whereas hyperreflexia is often attributed to lesions in the upper motor neurons...

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Efferent nerve fiber

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alpha motor neurons (α) – these target extrafusal muscle fibers, and gamma motor neurons (γ) that target intrafusal muscle fibers. Beta motor neurons...

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Hebbian theory

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and motor representations of an action are so strong that the motor neurons start firing to the sound or the vision of the action, and a mirror neuron is...

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