Not to be confused with Philogyny, fondness, love or admiration towards women.
Branching diagram of evolutionary relationships between organisms
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A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.[1][2] In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. In evolutionary biology, all life on Earth is theoretically part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. Phylogenetics is the study of phylogenetic trees. The main challenge is to find a phylogenetic tree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between a set of species or taxa. Computational phylogenetics (also phylogeny inference) focuses on the algorithms involved in finding optimal phylogenetic tree in the phylogenetic landscape.[1][2]
Phylogenetic trees may be rooted or unrooted. In a rooted phylogenetic tree, each node with descendants represents the inferred most recent common ancestor of those descendants,[3] and the edge lengths in some trees may be interpreted as time estimates. Each node is called a taxonomic unit. Internal nodes are generally called hypothetical taxonomic units, as they cannot be directly observed. Trees are useful in fields of biology such as bioinformatics, systematics, and phylogenetics. Unrooted trees illustrate only the relatedness of the leaf nodes and do not require the ancestral root to be known or inferred.
^ abKhalafvand, Tyler (2015). Finding Structure in the Phylogeny Search Space. Dalhousie University.
^ abFelsenstein J. (2004). Inferring Phylogenies Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.
^Kinene, T.; Wainaina, J.; Maina, S.; Boykin, L. (21 April 2016). "Rooting Trees, Methods for". Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology: 489–493. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-800049-6.00215-8. ISBN 9780128004265. PMC 7149615.
A phylogenetictree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa...
tips of a phylogenetictree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram...
achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetictree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics...
The Open Tree of Life is an online phylogenetictree of life – a collaborative effort, funded by the National Science Foundation. The first draft, including...
languages analogous to the concept of a family tree, particularly a phylogenetictree in the biological evolution of species. As with species, each language...
algorithms, heuristics, and approaches involved in phylogenetic analyses. The goal is to find a phylogenetictree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between...
This list of phylogenetictree viewing software is a compilation of software tools and web portals used in visualizing phylogenetictrees. 1 "All" refers...
composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetictree. In the taxonomical literature, sometimes the Latin form cladus (plural...
This list of phylogenetics software is a compilation of computational phylogenetics software used to produce phylogenetictrees. Such tools are commonly...
mathematics and phylogenetics, Newick tree format (or Newick notation or New Hampshire tree format) is a way of representing graph-theoretical trees with edge...
system, replacing the traditional two-empire system. According to the phylogenetic analysis of Hug (2016), the relationships could be the following: A widespread...
separate, basal branch of the sloth evolutionary tree. The following sloth family phylogenetictree is based on collagen and mitochondrial DNA sequence...
biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetictree of evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists therefore describe the daughter...
Another important piece of evidence is from detailed phylogenetictrees (i.e., "genealogic trees" of species) mapping out the proposed divisions and common...
similar species on the mainland (e.g. civets and mongoose). However, phylogenetic analysis of DNA provides strong evidence that all Malagasy carnivorans...
was not experienced by its sister clade, the Dasypogonaceae. For a phylogenetictree of the family, see the list of Arecaceae genera. Archontophoenix—Bangalow...
organisms (i.e. providing a full circumscription) requires the complete phylogenetictree to be known. In practice, there are almost always one or more hypotheses...
(hyenas and aardwolf) Family †Lophocyonidae Family †Percrocutidae The phylogenetic relationships of Viverroidea are shown in the following cladogram: Wozencraft...
of only tree nodes (a hierarchy of nodes, each with only one parent). Phylogenetictrees are a subset of phylogenetic networks. Phylogenetic networks...
Herawati Sudoyo, J. Stephen Lansing and Michael F. Hammer; 2015, "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526...