Figure shows normal red blood cells flowing freely in a blood vessel. The inset image shows a cross-section of a normal red blood cell with normal hemoglobin.[1]
Specialty
Hematology
Causes
Hemolysis
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular).[2] This most commonly occurs within the spleen, but also can occur in the reticuloendothelial system or mechanically (prosthetic valve damage).[2] Hemolytic anemia accounts for 5% of all existing anemias.[2] It has numerous possible consequences, ranging from general symptoms to life-threatening systemic effects.[2] The general classification of hemolytic anemia is either intrinsic or extrinsic.[3] Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia.[2]
Symptoms of hemolytic anemia are similar to other forms of anemia (fatigue and shortness of breath), but in addition, the breakdown of red cells leads to jaundice and increases the risk of particular long-term complications, such as gallstones[4] and pulmonary hypertension.[5]
^"Red Blood Cells". US National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2017-01-01.
^ abcdeCapriotti, Theresa (2016). Pathophysiology : introductory concepts and clinical perspectives. Frizzell, Joan Parker. Philadelphia. ISBN 978-0-8036-1571-7. OCLC 900626405.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Philadelphia, The Children's Hospital of (2014-03-30). "Hemolytic Anemia". chop.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
^Trotman, BW (1991). "Pigment gallstone disease". Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 20 (1): 111–26. doi:10.1016/S0889-8553(21)00536-7. ISSN 0889-8553. PMID 2022417.
^Machado, Roberto F.; Gladwin, Mark T. (2010). "Pulmonary Hypertension in Hemolytic Disorders". Chest. 137 (6). Elsevier BV: 30S–38S. doi:10.1378/chest.09-3057. ISSN 0012-3692. PMC 2882115. PMID 20522578.
Hemolyticanemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels...
Microangiopathic hemolyticanemia (MAHA) is a microangiopathic subgroup of hemolyticanemia (loss of red blood cells through destruction) caused by factors...
Autoimmune hemolyticanemia (AIHA) occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading...
of anemia treated with drugs are iron-deficiency anemia, thalassemia, aplastic anemia, hemolyticanemia, sickle cell anemia, and pernicious anemia, the...
autoimmune hemolyticanemia, hemolysis secondary to drug toxicity, thalassemia minor, and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias. Pathophysiology of hemolytic jaundice...
Kernicterus Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Hemolyticanemia – must not be treated with iron Late onset anemia – must not be treated with iron. Can persist...
Mechanical hemolyticanemia is a form of hemolyticanemia due to mechanically induced damage to red blood cells. Red blood cells, while flexible, may in...
them to agglutinate and undergo lysis. It is a form of autoimmune hemolyticanemia, specifically one in which antibodies bind red blood cells only at...
Acquired hemolyticanemia can be divided into immune and non-immune mediated forms of hemolyticanemia. Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia (direct Coombs...
often seen in patients with hemolyticanemia. They are frequently a consequence of mechanical artificial heart valves, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic...
Cold autoimmune hemolyticanemia caused by cold-reacting antibodies. Autoantibodies that bind to the erythrocyte membrane leading to premature erythrocyte...
Warm antibody autoimmune hemolyticanemia (WAIHA) is the most common form of autoimmune haemolytic anemia. About half of the cases are of unknown cause...
the spleen, which leads to a shortage of erythrocytes and results in hemolyticanemia. HS was first described in 1871, and is the most common cause of inherited...
Wayback Machine at Mount Sinai Hospital [1] at Mount Sinai Hospital "HemolyticAnemia: Overview - eMedicine Hematology". Retrieved 2009-02-07. "Beta thalassemia"...
cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) or Donath–Landsteiner hemolyticanemia (DLHA) is an autoimmune hemolyticanemia featured by complement-mediated intravascular...
elliptocytosis and schistocytes for intravascular hemolysis. Many hemolyticanemias show multiple poikilocytes such as G6PD deficiency, which may show...
Reduced kidney function Hemolyticanemia (microangiopathic hemolyticanemia). TTP, as with other microangiopathic hemolyticanemias (MAHAs), is caused by...
populations, hemoglobin C/βo thalassemia causes a moderately severe hemolyticanemia with splenomegaly; hemoglobin C/β+ thalassemia produces a milder disease...
Conditions where this is found include aplastic, posthemorrhagic, and hemolyticanemias and anemia of chronic disease. MCH (average amount of hemoglobin found in...
Fibach E, Rachmilewitz E (2008). "The Role of Oxidative Stress in HemolyticAnemia". Current Molecular Medicine. 8 (7): 609–619. doi:10.2174/156652408786241384...
used to test for autoimmune hemolyticanemia, a condition where the immune system breaks down red blood cells, leading to anemia. The direct Coombs test is...
Spherocytes are found in all hemolyticanemias to some degree. Hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolyticanemia are characterized by having only...
Spur cell hemolyticanemia, Chronic liver disease impairs the liver's ability to esterify cholesterol, causing free cholesterol to bind to the red cell...
for rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolyticanemia, IgA nephropathy, and lymphoma. The drug is currently being used in...
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