Equine foamy virus (EFV), also called foamy virus (FV), is virus in the genus Equispumavirus.[1] It shares similarities, with respect to replication, with lentiviruses. EFV, along with other FVs are from the family Retroviridae and subfamily Spumaretrovirinae. Spumarivuses, such as EFV, are complicated retroviruses that have been characterized in many animals including nonhuman primates, cattle, cats. Additionally, these viruses have been identified in animals that most often carry lentiviruses.[1]
The name foamy virus can be attributed to the foamy appearance of the cells upon rapid lysation and syncytium formation, vacuolization and cellular death, which is also known as a cytopathic effect (CPE).[1]
EFV has been found to display a similar capsid structure along with exhibiting similar functionality to other foamy viruses, yet differs in some respects.[2]
^ abcMeiering CD, Linial ML (January 2001). "Historical perspective of foamy virus epidemiology and infection". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 14 (1): 165–176. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.1.165-176.2001. PMC 88968. PMID 11148008.
^Tobaly-Tapiero J, Bittoun P, Neves M, Guillemin MC, Lecellier CH, Puvion-Dutilleul F, et al. (May 2000). "Isolation and characterization of an equine foamy virus". Journal of Virology. 74 (9): 4064–4073. doi:10.1128/jvi.74.9.4064-4073.2000. PMC 111920. PMID 10756018.
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