Transmission electron micrograph of Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
Virus classification
(unranked):
Virus
Realm:
Riboviria
Kingdom:
Orthornavirae
Phylum:
Negarnaviricota
Class:
Ellioviricetes
Order:
Bunyavirales
Family:
Hantaviridae
Subfamily:
Mammantavirinae
Genus:
Orthohantavirus
Synonyms[2]
Hantavirus
Orthohantavirus is a genus of single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses in the family Hantaviridae within the order Bunyavirales.[3] Members of this genus may be called orthohantaviruses or simply hantaviruses.
Orthohantaviruses typically cause chronic asymptomatic infection in rodents.[3][4] Humans may become infected with hantaviruses through contact with rodent urine, saliva, or feces. Some strains cause potentially fatal diseases in humans, such as hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS),[5] while others have not been associated with known human disease (e.g. Prospect Hill virus).[6] HPS (HCPS) is a "rare respiratory illness associated with the inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta (urine and feces) contaminated by hantavirus particles".[5]
Human infections of hantaviruses have almost entirely been linked to human contact with rodent excrement; however, in 2005 and 2019, human-to-human transmission of the Andes virus was reported in South America.[7]
Orthohantaviruses are named for the Greek word ortho- meaning "straight" or "true" and for the Hantan River in South Korea, where the first member species (Hantaan virus) was identified and isolated in 1976 by Ho Wang Lee.[8][9]
^"Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
^"ICTV Taxonomy all history: Orthohantavirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 28 January 2019.
^ ab"Rodent-borne diseases". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
^Meyer, Barbara J; Schmaljohn, Connie S (February 2000). "Persistent hantavirus infections: characteristics and mechanisms". Trends in Microbiology. 8 (2): 61–67. doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(99)01658-3. PMID 10664598.
^ abDrebot, Jones S.; Grolla, A.; Safronetz, D.; Strong, J. E.; Kobinger, G.; Lindsay, R. L. (4 June 2015). Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Canada: An overview of clinical features, diagnostics, epidemiology and prevention. Canada Communicable Disease Report (Report). Vector-borne diseases in Canada. Vol. 41–6. Winnipeg, MB: National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada. p. 40. ISSN 1481-8531.
^Krüger, Detlev H.; Schönrich, Günther; Klempa, Boris (June 2011). "Human pathogenic hantaviruses and prevention of infection". Human Vaccines. 7 (6): 685–693. doi:10.4161/hv.7.6.15197. PMC 3219076. PMID 21508676.
^Watson, Dionysios Christos; Sargianou, Maria; Papa, Anna; Chra, Paraskevi; Starakis, Ioannis; Panos, George (August 2014). "Epidemiology of Hantavirus infections in humans: A comprehensive, global overview". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 40 (3): 261–272. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.783555. PMID 23607444. S2CID 42311842.
^Mir, Mohammed (March 2010). "Hantaviruses". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 30 (1): 67–91. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2010.01.004. ISSN 0272-2712. PMC 2880890. PMID 20513542.
^"ICTV 9th Report (2011) – Negative Sense RNA Viruses – Bunyaviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 31 January 2019. Hanta: from Hantaan, river in South Korea near where type virus was isolated.
Andes orthohantavirus Asama orthohantavirus Asikkala orthohantavirus Bayou orthohantavirus Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus Bowe orthohantavirus Bruges...
Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV), a species of Orthohantavirus, is a major causative agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) and hantavirus pulmonary...
Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is a species of Orthohantavirus. Humans infected with the virus may develop a haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)...
Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus species of Old World Orthohantavirus. It is the causative agent...
Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is a member of the genus Orthohantavirus of rodent-borne viruses, and is one of the four hantaviruses that are known to cause...
Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) (from Spanish, meaning "without a name"), a member of the genus Orthohantavirus, is the prototypical etiologic agent...
Oxbow virus (OXBV) is a single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA orthohantavirus. Oxbow virus was isolated from an American shrew mole (Neurotrichus...
Asikkala orthohantavirus (ASIV) is an Old World orthohantavirus isolated from Sorex araneus (pygmy shrew) in Germany and the Czech Republic. It is suspected...
Tula orthohantavirus, formerly Tula virus (TULV), is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus species of orthohantavirus first isolated from a European...
Montano orthohantavirus, also called Montano virus (MTNV) is a single-stranded, enveloped, negative sense RNA species of hantavirus. It was first isolated...
Choclo orthohantavirus (CHOV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA zoonotic New World hantavirus. It was first isolated in 1999 in western Panama...
New York orthohantavirus or New York virus is an Orthohantavirus. It is considered a strain of Sin Nombre orthohantavirus. It was first isolated from a...
Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV), New York orthohantavirus (NYV), Monongahela virus (MGLV), Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), and certain other members of hantavirus...
HFRS include Hantaan orthohantavirus, Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus, Saaremaa virus, Seoul orthohantavirus, Puumala orthohantavirus and other orthohantaviruses...
Bayou orthohantavirus (BAYV) is a species of Orthohantavirus first identified in 1993 in Louisiana. and later confirmed by other investigators. In 1996...
closely related to viruses that require BSL-4. For instance, Andes orthohantavirus and MERS-CoV are both non-select agents that are often handled in BSL-4...
Prospect Hill orthohantavirus is a single-stranded, negative-sense Hantaan-like zoonotic RNA virus isolated from meadow voles and microtine and other...
Asama orthohantavirus (ASAV), also called Asama virus, is a single-stranded, enveloped, segmented negative-sense RNA hantavirus. The hantavirus was isolated...
Tanganya orthohantavirus (TGNV) is a viral isolate detected in tissue samples from Crocidura douceti (musk shrew). The putative host shrews were captured...
Laguna Negra orthohantavirus (LANV) is a species of virus in the genus Orthohantavirus. Briese T, Alkhovsky S, Beer M, Calisher CH, Charrel R, Ebihara...
virus (THAIV) is a single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA orthohantavirus. THAIV was first isolated from rodents in two Thai provinces, Nakhon...
Rockport virus (RKPV) is a single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA orthohantavirus. Rockport virus was first isolated in archival tissues of four Eastern...
Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus (BCCV) is a single-stranded, negative sense RNA virus species of New World Orthohantavirus. It was first isolated in...
Khabarovsk virus (KBR) is a orthohantavirus in the Bunyavirales order isolated from Microtus fortis discovered in far-east Russia. It is an enveloped...
Sangassou orthohantavirus (SANGV) is single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus species of the genus Orthohantavirus in the Bunyavirales order. It was...
El Moro Canyon orthohantavirus is a single-stranded, negative sense RNA virus of the genus Orthohantavirus. It is a causative agent of Hantavirus pulmonary...