TEM micrograph of tissue infected with Rift Valley fever virus
Specialty
Infectious diseases, veterinary medicine
Symptoms
Fever, muscle pains, headaches[1]
Complications
Loss of sight, confusion, bleeding, liver problems[1]
Duration
Up to a week[1]
Causes
Phlebovirus spread by an infected animal or mosquito[1]
Diagnostic method
Finding antibodies or the virus in the blood[1]
Prevention
Vaccinating animals against the disease, decreasing mosquito bites[1]
Treatment
Supportive care[1]
Frequency
Outbreaks in Africa and Arabia[1]
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease of humans and livestock that can cause mild to severe symptoms. The mild symptoms may include: fever, muscle pains, and headaches which often last for up to a week. The severe symptoms may include: loss of sight beginning three weeks after the infection, infections of the brain causing severe headaches and confusion, and bleeding together with liver problems which may occur within the first few days. Those who have bleeding have a chance of death as high as 50%.[1]
The disease is caused by the RVF virus. It is spread by either touching infected animal blood, breathing in the air around an infected animal being butchered, drinking raw milk from an infected animal, or the bite of infected mosquitoes. Animals such as cows, sheep, goats, and camels may be affected. In these animals it is spread mostly by mosquitoes.[1] It does not appear that one person can infect another person. The disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies against the virus or the virus itself in the blood.[1]
Prevention of the disease in humans is accomplished by vaccinating animals against the disease. This must be done before an outbreak occurs because if it is done during an outbreak it may worsen the situation. Stopping the movement of animals during an outbreak may also be useful, as may decreasing mosquito numbers and avoiding their bites. There is a human vaccine; however, as of 2010 it is not widely available. There is no specific treatment and medical efforts are supportive.[1]
Outbreaks of the disease have only occurred in Africa and Arabia. Outbreaks usually occur during periods of increased rain which increase the number of mosquitoes.[1] The disease was first reported among livestock in Rift Valley of Kenya in the early 1900s,[2] and the virus was first isolated in 1931.[1]
^ abcdefghijklmn"Rift Valley fever". Fact sheet N°207. World Health Organization. May 2010. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
^Palmer SR (2011). Oxford textbook of zoonoses : biology, clinical practice, and public health control (2nd ed.). Oxford u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 423. ISBN 9780198570028. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
RiftValleyfever (RVF) is a viral disease of humans and livestock that can cause mild to severe symptoms. The mild symptoms may include: fever, muscle...
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coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the Nipah virus, the Lassa fever virus, and the RiftValleyfever virus, as well as the Chikungunya virus and the hypothetical...
etiologies are known (e.g., most viral diseases, such as influenza and RiftValleyfever), symptomatic treatment is the only treatment available so far. For...
accessed 16 February 2020 RiftValleyfever 19 February 2018 www.who.int, accessed 26 April 2020 "Mourners die as fever grips Congo." Archived 2012-10-23...
protein of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus suppresses interferon production through different mechanism than RiftValleyfever virus". Acta...
of the family that has viruses that cause disease in humans (e.g. RiftValleyfever virus) except Dabie bandavirus. Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped...
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by dengue virus. It is frequently asymptomatic; if symptoms appear they typically begin 3 to...
vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3). Additionally, the fusion of RiftValleyfever virus (RVFV) in late endosomes is inhibited by the interferon-induced...
on the RiftValleyFever Virus (RVFV), which is an arthropod borne disease that is endemic to regions of Africa and Asia, namely the RiftValley in Kenya...
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United States; dengue fever, yellow fever, Ilheus virus, malaria, Zika virus and filariasis in the American tropics; RiftValleyfever, Wuchereria bancrofti...
tests. An international quality assessment of molecular detection of RiftValleyfever virus performed as well as the best RT-PCR tests, detecting less concentrated...
humans. In recent entomological investigations of an outbreak of RiftValleyFever virus in Kenya (2006-2007), Aedes pembaensis were collected and several...
agents include anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. The following pathogens and toxins were weaponized by one nation or another...
based on the Kimakonde words for "to become contorted". Symptoms include fever and joint pain. These typically occur two to twelve days after exposure...