This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Endothelial dysfunction" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(April 2018)
This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details.(February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Comparison of healthy vs. dysfunctional vascular endothelium
In vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium. The main cause of endothelial dysfunction is impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide,[1]
In addition to acting as a semipermeable membrane, the endothelium is responsible for maintaining vascular tone and regulating oxidative stress by releasing mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin, and by controlling local angiotensin-II activity.[2][3]
Dysfunctional endothelium is characterized by vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, thrombosis, and inflammation. This pathological state is often associated with elevated levels of biomarkers such as prothrombin time, D-dimer, von Willebrand factor, fibrin degradation products, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and plasma creatinine. The result of this endothelial dysregulation is a cascade of adverse effects, including vasoconstriction, vascular leakage, thrombosis, hyperinflammation, and a disrupted antiviral immune response. These changes contribute to the progression of vascular diseases.[4]
In a healthy state, the endothelium exhibits vasodilation, tightly controlled vascular permeability, and anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This balance ensures the smooth functioning of the vascular system.[4]
^Marchio P, Guerra-Ojeda S, Mauricio MD (2019). "Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2019: 8563845. doi:10.1155/2019/8563845. PMC 6636482. PMID 31354915.
^Flammer AJ, Anderson T, Celermajer DS, Creager MA, Deanfield J, Ganz P, Hamburg NM, Lüscher TF, Shechter M, Taddei S, Vita JA, Lerman A (Aug 2012). "The assessment of endothelial function: from research into clinical practice". Circulation. 126 (6): 753–67. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.093245. PMC 3427943. PMID 22869857.
^ abBernard, Isabelle; Limonta, Daniel; Mahal, Lara K.; Hobman, Tom C. (January 2021). "Endothelium Infection and Dysregulation by SARS-CoV-2: Evidence and Caveats in COVID-19". Viruses. 13 (1): 29. doi:10.3390/v13010029. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 7823949. PMID 33375371.
and 24 Related for: Endothelial dysfunction information
vascular diseases, endothelialdysfunction is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium. The main cause of endothelialdysfunction is impaired bioavailability...
endothelium, is called “structural immunity”. Endothelialdysfunction, or the loss of proper endothelial function, is a hallmark for vascular diseases...
2013-02-23. Retrieved 2009-06-09. Cai H, Harrison DG (November 2000). "Endothelialdysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress". Circulation...
activity. It is characterized by endothelialdysfunction, smooth-muscle dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction. Endothelial function and vasodilatory capacity...
sensitivity is often associated with endothelialdysfunction due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial NO synthase activity, which impairs...
The pathogenesis of SVDs in various organs is characterized by endothelialdysfunction, capillary rarefaction, microthrombi and microvascular remodeling...
supplementation has shown beneficial results for the treatment of endothelialdysfunction in animal experiments and clinical trials, although the tendency...
the operation of hormonal systems Endothelialdysfunction, a malfunction of the blood vessels Erectile dysfunction, the inability to develop or maintain...
Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene...
include: angina pectoris (chest pain radiating from the heart) endothelialdysfunction, which causes vasospasms – both sometimes very severe arrhythmia...
characterized as subendothelial and endothelial fibrosis in the coronary microvasculature of the heart. This endothelialdysfunction leads to impaired myocardial...
microangiopathies. Collectively, widespread endothelialdysfunction and hepatocellular damage result in global hepatic dysfunction often leading to liver necrosis...
Erectile dysfunction (ED), also referred to as impotence, is a form of sexual dysfunction in males characterized by the persistent or recurring inability...
cases of essential hypertension. It has also been suggested that endothelialdysfunction and vascular inflammation may also contribute to increased peripheral...
microvascular angina is unknown, but factors apparently involved are endothelialdysfunction and reduced flow (perhaps due to spasm) in the tiny "resistance"...
brachioradial artery. This change in the vascular tone is secondary to endothelialdysfunction. In addition, children with Kawasaki disease, with or without coronary...
involvement of other organs, and subsequent dysfunction. After an acute event, this endothelialdysfunction has persisted for years. The term hypertensive...
dependent on a functional endothelial nitric oxide synthase can cause vasoconstriction instead in the setting of endothelialdysfunction, leading to coronary...
Endothelial stem cells (ESCs) are one of three types of stem cells found in bone marrow. They are multipotent, which describes the ability to give rise...
involved in the protective effect of protocatechuic aldehyde against endothelialdysfunction". PLOS ONE. 9 (11): e113242. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k3242K. doi:10...
acetylcholine, which in turn causes the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells in the trabecular arteries. Nitric oxide diffuses to the smooth...
the most supported theories. Most of the dysfunction occurs as a result of abnormalities within the endothelial linings of blood vessels supplying the heart...
oxycholesterol into diets of animals with hypercholesterolemia increases endothelialdysfunction and inflammatory response. Oxysterol Physorg:Little known type...
Global Information
