Microvascular angina (MVA), previously known as cardiac syndrome X,[1] also known as coronary microvascular dysfunction(CMD) or microvascular coronary disease is a type of angina (chest pain) with signs associated with decreased blood flow to heart tissue but with normal coronary arteries.[2][3]
The use of the term cardiac syndrome X (CSX) can lead to the lack of appreciation of how microvascular angina is a debilitating heart related pain condition with the increased risk of heart attack and other heart problems. Women may have difficulty accessing the specialist care of a cardiologist for this reason.[citation needed]
Some studies have found an increased risk of other vasospastic disorders in cardiac microvascular angina patients, such as migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon. Treatment typically involves beta-blockers, such as metoprolol, however beta blockers can make coronary spasms worse.[4]
Microvascular angina is a separate condition from variant angina.
^"All about microvascular angina". www.bhf.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
Microvascularangina (MVA), previously known as cardiac syndrome X, also known as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) or microvascular coronary disease...
cases, unstable angina develops independently of activity. Microvascularangina, also known as cardiac syndrome X, is characterized by angina-like chest pain...
Variant angina, also known as Prinzmetal angina, vasospastic angina, angina inversa, coronary vessel spasm, or coronary artery vasospasm, is a syndrome...
Coronary microvascular diseases (CMDs), which are a group of conditions affecting the microvasculature in the heart and include microvascularangina, previously...
angiogram) is being performed. The exact cause of microvascularangina is unknown. Explanations include microvascular dysfunction or epicardial atherosclerosis...
order for Braxton to focus on her health after being diagnosed with microvascularangina. On January 12, 2007, Braxton filed a $10 million lawsuit against...
using transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in patients with microvascularangina". International Journal of Cardiology. 98 (3): 403–408. doi:10.1016/j...
of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease. Myocardial ischemia arises from the dysfunction of coronary macrovascular or microvascular components...
epicardial (above the epicardium, or the outermost tissue of the heart) and microvascular (close to the endocardium, or the innermost tissue of the heart). Reduced...
asymptomatic until it causes significant obstruction, leading to various forms of angina or eventually a myocardial infarction. Common warning symptoms are crushing...
separated from that of microvascular dysfunction and in fact, microvascular dysfunction could explain vasospasticity. Impaired microvascular function is seen...
coronary microvascular dysfunction in angina patients with normal coronary angiograms, investigated the mechanisms of angina in patients with microvascular angina...
first to describe angina pectoris in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease, also now known as microvascularangina. In addition, he was...
occur due to atherosclerosis. Vasospasm is the major cause of Prinzmetal's angina. Normally endothelial cells release prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) which...
with resultant damage to or dysfunction of tissue i.e. hypoxia and microvascular dysfunction. It also implies local hypoxia in a part of a body resulting...
cause symptoms. However, some people with myocardial bridges can experience angina, or chest pain. While many people have very tiny myocardial bridges that...
time and are generally classified in two categories: microvascular and macrovascular. Microvascular complications include neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy;...
of below ankle amputations in patients with Type 2 diabetes without microvascular disease. The FIELD study reported that fenofibrate at doses of 200 mg...
mitogenesis and cell migration. VEGF-A is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability...
distribute the increased pressure gradient. At the capillary, there is a microvascular barrier that helps regulate fluid status via molecular pressure forces...
mismatch to the heart muscle leading to myocardial (heart muscle) injury; microvascular thrombi, or blood clots in the small blood vessels of the heart causing...
asymptomatic patients. Early detection of arrhythmia, ischemia, angina pectoris, cardiac microvascular diseases Direct diagnosis of heart function after myocardial...
addition to cardiac abnormalities, display changes in (endothelial) microvascular function, skeletal muscle metabolism and in fat distribution and character...
lipotoxicity, AGEs and microvascular rarefication. HFREF is associated with autoimmunity, hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, microvascular rarefication and AGE...
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