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Crossmodal attention refers to the distribution of attention to different senses. Attention is the cognitive process of selectively emphasizing and ignoring sensory stimuli. According to the crossmodal attention perspective, attention often occurs simultaneously through multiple sensory modalities.[1] These modalities process information from the different sensory fields, such as: visual, auditory, spatial, and tactile.[2] While each of these is designed to process a specific type of sensory information, there is considerable overlap between them which has led researchers to question whether attention is modality-specific or the result of shared "cross-modal" resources.[1]Cross-modal attention is considered to be the overlap between modalities that can both enhance and limit attentional processing. The most common example given of crossmodal attention is the Cocktail Party Effect, which is when a person is able to focus and attend to one important stimulus instead of other less important stimuli. This phenomenon allows deeper levels of processing to occur for one stimulus while others are then ignored.
A primary concern for cognitive psychologists researching attention is to determine whether directing attention to one specific sensory modality occurs at the expense of others.[3] Previous research has often examined how directing attention to different modalities can affect the efficiency of performance in various tasks.[3][4][5][6] Studies have found that the interplay between attentional modalities exists at the neurological level[7][8] providing evidence for the influences of cross-modal attention. However a greater number of studies have emphasized the deficits in attention caused by the shifting between modalities.[1][3][4][5]
^ abcRapp, B; Hendel, SK (2003). "Principles of cross-modal competition: Evidence from deficits of attention" (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 10 (1): 210–9. doi:10.3758/BF03196487. PMID 12747510.
^MacAluso, E.; Frith, CD; Driver, J (2002-04-01). "Directing Attention to Locations and to Sensory Modalities: Multiple Levels of Selective Processing revealed with PET". Cerebral Cortex. 12 (4): 357–68. doi:10.1093/cercor/12.4.357. PMID 11884351.
^ abcDriver, Jon; Spence, Charles (1998). "Crossmodal attention" (PDF). Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 8 (2): 245–53. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80147-5. PMID 9635209. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
^ abVan Vleet, TM; Robertson, LC (2006). "Cross-modal interactions in time and space: Auditory influence on visual attention in hemispatial neglect". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 18 (8): 1368–79. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.507.4133. doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.8.1368. PMID 16859421. S2CID 7545178.
^ abPrime, David J.; McDonald, John J.; Green, Jessica; Ward, Lawrence M. (2008). "When cross-modal spatial attention fails". Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology. 62 (3): 192–197. doi:10.1037/1196-1961.62.3.192. PMID 18778148.
^Driver, J; Spence, C (1998). "Cross-modal links in spatial attention". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 353 (1373): 1319–31. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0286. PMC 1692335. PMID 9770225.
^Kida, T.; Inui, K.; Tanaka, E.; Kakigi, R. (2010). "Dynamics of Within-, Inter-, and Cross-Modal Attentional Modulation". Journal of Neurophysiology. 105 (2): 674–86. doi:10.1152/jn.00807.2009. PMID 21148089.
^Herdman, Chris M.; Friedman, Alinda (1985). "Multiple resources in divided attention: A cross-modal test of the independence of hemispheric resources". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 11 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.11.1.40. PMID 3156957.
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