Cognitive process of visually interpreting the human face
This article is about the cognitive process. For the psychological phenomena of seeing faces in inanimate objects, see Pareidolia. For computer-based facial perception, see Facial recognition system.
An adult male's face with make-up
Cognitive psychology
Perception
Visual perception
Object recognition
Face recognition
Pattern recognition
Attention
Memory
Aging and memory
Emotional memory
Learning
Long-term memory
Metacognition
Language
Metalanguage
Thinking
Cognition
Concept
Reasoning
Decision making
Problem solving
Numerical cognition
Numerosity adaptation effect
Approximate number system
Parallel individuation system
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Facial perception is an individual's understanding and interpretation of the face. Here, perception implies the presence of consciousness and hence excludes automated facial recognition systems. Although facial recognition is found in other species,[1] this article focuses on facial perception in humans.
The perception of facial features is an important part of social cognition.[2] Information gathered from the face helps people understand each other's identity, what they are thinking and feeling, anticipate their actions, recognize their emotions, build connections, and communicate through body language. Developing facial recognition is a necessary building block for complex societal constructs. Being able to perceive identity, mood, age, sex, and race lets people mold the way we interact with one another, and understand our immediate surroundings.[3][4][5]
Though facial perception is mainly considered to stem from visual intake, studies have shown that even people born blind can learn face perception without vision.[6] Studies have supported the notion of a specialized mechanism for perceiving faces.[5]
^Pavelas (19 April 2021). "Facial Recognition is an Easy Task for Animals". Sky Biometry. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
^Krawczyk, Daniel C. (2018). Reasoning; The Neuroscience of How We Think. Academic Press. pp. 283–311. ISBN 9780128092859.
^Quinn, Kimberly A.; Macrae, C. Neil (November 2011). "The face and person perception: Insights from social cognition: Categorizing faces". British Journal of Psychology. 102 (4): 849–867. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02030.x. PMID 21988388.
^Young, Andrew W.; Haan, Edward H. F.; Bauer, Russell M. (March 2008). "Face perception: A very special issue". Journal of Neuropsychology. 2 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1348/174866407x269848. PMID 19334301.
^ abKanwisher, Nancy; Yovel, Galit (2009). "Face Perception". Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences. doi:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb002043. ISBN 9780470478509.
^Likova, Lora T. (19 April 2021). "Learning face perception without vision: Rebound learning effect and hemispheric differences in congenital vs late-onset blindness". IS&T Int Symp Electron Imaging. 2019 (2019): 2371-23713 (12): 237-1–237-13. doi:10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2019.12.HVEI-237. PMC 6800090. PMID 31633079.
Facial perception is an individual's understanding and interpretation of the face. Here, perception implies the presence of consciousness and hence excludes...
effect is equally strong when the faces are upside down. This suggests that the effect is independent of the faceperception functionality of the human brain...
prósōpon, meaning "face", and agnōsía, meaning "non-knowledge"), also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of faceperception in which the ability...
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night...
and the perception of health in humans. Genes are a major factor in the particular appearance of a person's face with the high similarity of faces of identical...
Heller W, Banich MT, Burton LA (1983). "Asymmetry of Perception in Free Viewing of Chimeric Faces". Brain and Cognition. 2 (4): 404–419. doi:10.1016/0278-2626(83)90021-0...
face-specific ERP component N170. The authors suggest that faceperception evoked by face-like objects is a relatively early process, and not a late cognitive...
Perception (from Latin perceptio 'gathering, receiving') is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent...
time (130 ms) that is seen for images of real faces. The authors suggest that faceperception evoked by face-like objects is a relatively early process,...
schizophrenia affects perception of contrast and motion, control of eye movements, detection of visual contours, and recognition of faces or facial expressions...
Extrasensory perception (ESP), also known as a sixth sense, or cryptaesthesia, is a claimed paranormal ability pertaining to reception of information not...
“holistic” perception is one of the main factors that differentiates face recognition from object recognition. To test this and further face superiority...
stories versus nonsense speech, moving faces versus moving objects, and biological motion. It is involved in the perception of where others are gazing (joint...
differs between different faces. The holistic processing of faces describes the perception of faces as wholes, rather than the sum of their parts. This means...
(sometimes known as "demon face syndrome") is a visual disorder characterized by altered perceptions of faces. In the perception of a person with the disorder...
The occipital face area (OFA) is a region of the human cerebral cortex which is specialised for faceperception. The OFA is located on the lateral surface...
psychological cognitive modules involved in faceperception which are tuned especially to upright faces. Faces seem unique despite the fact that they are...
Face space is a theoretical idea in psychology such that it is a multidimensional space in which recognizable faces are stored. The representation of...
significantly better-than-average face recognition ability. Super recognisers are able to memorise and recall thousands of faces, often having seen them only...
processing of faces as opposed to other non-face objects. Prosopamnesia is a deficit in the part of this circuit responsible for encoding perceptions as memories...
doi:10.1038/nrn4002. PMC 4692466. PMID 26289573. Megreya AM (2016). "Faceperception in schizophrenia: a specific deficit". Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 21...
delusion, psychiatrists believe it is related to a breakdown in normal faceperception. Signs and symptoms of Fregoli's: delusions visual memory deficit deficit...
Pre-training (CLIP), an image recognition artificial intelligence system Flashed face distortion effect, another serendipitous visual phenomenon Crungus, another...
Facial identification may refer to: Face#Perception and recognition Faceperception Wanted poster Facial composite E-FIT - composite system Forensic facial...
with the representation of objects, places, faces, and colors. It may also be involved in faceperception, and in the recognition of numbers and words...
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that ranks countries "by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as determined by expert...
are any sensory stimuli below an individual's threshold for conscious perception, in contrast to supraliminal stimuli (above threshold). In 1957, the American...
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