In astronomy, the lithium problem or lithium discrepancy refers to the discrepancy between the primordial abundance of lithium as inferred from observations of metal-poor (Population II) halo stars in our galaxy and the amount that should theoretically exist due to Big Bang nucleosynthesis+WMAP cosmic baryon density predictions of the CMB. Namely, the most widely accepted models of the Big Bang suggest that three times as much primordial lithium, in particular lithium-7, should exist. This contrasts with the observed abundance of isotopes of hydrogen (1H and 2H) and helium (3He and 4He) that are consistent with predictions.[1] The discrepancy is highlighted in a so-called "Schramm plot", named in honor of astrophysicist David Schramm, which depicts these primordial abundances as a function of cosmic baryon content from standard BBN predictions.
This "Schramm plot"[2] depicts primordial abundances of 4He, D, 3He, and 7Li as a function of cosmic baryon content from standard BBN predictions. CMB predictions of 7Li (narrow vertical bands, at 95% CL) and the BBN D + 4He concordance range (wider vertical bands, at 95% CL) should overlap with the observed light element abundances (yellow boxes) to be in agreement. This occurs in 4He and is well constrained in D, but is not the case for 7Li, where the observed Li observations lie a factor of 3−4 below the BBN+WMAP prediction.
^Hou, S. Q.; He, J.J.; Parikh, A.; Kahl, D.; Bertulani, C.A.; Kajino, T.; Mathews, G.J.; Zhao, G. (2017). "Non-extensive statistics to the cosmological lithium problem". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 165. arXiv:1701.04149. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834..165H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/165. S2CID 568182.
^Tanabashi, M.; Hagiwara, K.; Hikasa, K.; Nakamura, K.; Sumino, Y.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2018-08-17). "Review of Particle Physics". Physical Review D. 98 (3). American Physical Society (APS): 030001. Bibcode:2018PhRvD..98c0001T. doi:10.1103/physrevd.98.030001. hdl:10044/1/68623. ISSN 2470-0010. and 2019 update.
and 27 Related for: Cosmological lithium problem information
In astronomy, the lithiumproblem or lithium discrepancy refers to the discrepancy between the primordial abundance of lithium as inferred from observations...
old; thus, this test is not perfect. Cosmologicallithiumproblem Dilithium Halo nucleus Isotopes of lithiumLithium Bildsten, L.; Brown, E. F.; Matzner...
produces the caustic lithium hydroxide. Lithium is safely stored in non-reactive compounds such as naphtha. Cosmologicallithiumproblem Dilithium Halo nucleus...
Einstein's cosmological constant but also extending to more exotic forms of quintessence or other modified gravity schemes. A cosmological constant problem, sometimes...
Unsolved problem in physics: Is the universe homogeneous and isotropic at large enough scales, as claimed by the cosmological principle and assumed by...
predicted value. This discrepancy, called the "cosmologicallithiumproblem", is considered a problem for the original models, that have resulted in revised...
metric and the cosmological principle? Is the Hubble tension evidence that the cosmological principle is false? Even if the cosmological principle is correct...
Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models. A cosmological model, or simply cosmology, provides a description...
Mathews, G.J.; Zhao, G. (2017). "Non-extensive statistics to the cosmologicallithiumproblem". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 165. arXiv:1701.04149....
computational problem becomes much more difficult, involving, for example, N-body simulations with billions of particles. The Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation...
last two-plus millennia. Modern cosmological ideas follow the development of the scientific discipline of physical cosmology. For millennia, what today is...
set of cosmological parameters by modern computer codes such as CMBFAST and CAMB, and matching theory to data, therefore, constrains cosmological parameters...
The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Together...
In cosmology, the missing baryon problem is an observed discrepancy between the amount of baryonic matter detected from shortly after the Big Bang and...
observed is the backward light cone, which delimits the cosmological horizon. The cosmological horizon, also called the particle horizon or the light horizon...
readily described by the expanding cosmological solutions found by Friedmann in 1922, which do not require a cosmological constant. Lemaître used these solutions...
hydrogen, hydrogen in parallel electric and magnetic fields, diamagnetic lithium, lithium in an electric field, the H − {\displaystyle H^{-}} ion in crossed...
The line is of great interest in Big Bang cosmology because it is the only known way to probe the cosmological "dark ages" from recombination (when stable...
relativity and quantum field theory, the hierarchy problem and the cosmological constant problem. Both issues suggest the possibility of corrections...
hdl:10945/60986. OSTI 21426567. Jon Cartwright (2012). "Axions could solve lithiumproblem". Physics World. "Pierre Sikivie". Yale University Department of Physics...
standard or calibrated candles to generate Hubble diagrams and make cosmological predictions. Supernova spectroscopy, used to study the physics and environments...
universe with a slightly negative cosmological constant, a universe with a positive curvature and a zero cosmological constant, and a universe with a negative...
evidenced by cosmic microwave background radiation, Hubble's law, and the cosmological abundances of elements. Space telescopes have enabled measurements in...
the fusion of deuterium (2H). The most massive ones (> 65 MJ) can fuse lithium (7Li). Astronomers classify self-luminous objects by spectral type, a distinction...
energy levels of the lowest three values of orbital angular momentum in lithium. The existence of the Rydberg series was first demonstrated in 1885 when...
Global Information