Not to be confused with the dark matter problem or the baryon asymmetry problem.
In cosmology, the missing baryon problem is an observed discrepancy between the amount of baryonic matter detected from shortly after the Big Bang and from more recent epochs. Observations of the cosmic microwave background and Big Bang nucleosynthesis studies have set constraints on the abundance of baryons in the early universe, finding that baryonic matter accounts for approximately 4.8% of the energy contents of the Universe.[1][2] At the same time, a census of baryons in the recent observable universe has found that observed baryonic matter accounts for less than half of that amount.[3][4] This discrepancy is commonly known as the missing baryon problem. The missing baryon problem is different from the dark matter problem, which is non-baryonic in nature.[5]
^Ade, P.A.R.; et al. (2016). "Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters". Astron. Astrophys. 594: A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962.
^Cooke, Ryan J.; Pettini, Max; Steidel, Charles C. (2018-03-12). "One Percent Determination of the Primordial Deuterium Abundance". The Astrophysical Journal. 855 (2): 102. arXiv:1710.11129. Bibcode:2018ApJ...855..102C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaab53. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 56367851.
^Henry C. Ferguson. ""The Case of the "Missing Baryons""".
^Shull, J. Michael; Smith, Britton D.; Danforth, Charles W. (2012-11-01). "The Baryon Census in a Multiphase Intergalactic Medium: 30% of the Baryons May Still be Missing". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 23. arXiv:1112.2706. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...23S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/23. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119295243.
^See Lambda-CDM model. Baryons make up only ~5% of the universe, while dark matter makes up 26.8%.
and 27 Related for: Missing baryon problem information
In cosmology, the missingbaryonproblem is an observed discrepancy between the amount of baryonic matter detected from shortly after the Big Bang and...
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gravitational wave GW170817. Missingbaryonproblem (1998–2017): proclaimed solved in October 2017, with the missingbaryons located in hot intergalactic...
This leaves a missing Ωdm ≈ 0.258 which nonetheless behaves like matter (see technical definition section above) – dark matter. Baryon acoustic oscillations...
should theoretically exist due to Big Bang nucleosynthesis+WMAP cosmic baryon density predictions of the CMB. Namely, the most widely accepted models...
the imbalance of matter (baryons) and antimatter (antibaryons) in the observed universe. One of the outstanding problems in modern physics is the predominance...
across the bag boundary. Very curiously, the missing part of the topological winding number (the baryon number) of the hole punched into the skyrmion...
contain an odd number of quarks are called baryons and those that contain an even number are called mesons. Two baryons, the proton and the neutron, make up...
to the strong force. Hadrons are categorized into two broad families: baryons, made of an odd number of quarks (usually three quarks) and mesons, made...
with ASKAP; their results confirm existing measurements of the missingbaryonproblem. Odd radio circles (ORCs) are a possible "new class of astronomical...
antimatter that allowed this to occur is an unexplained effect known as baryon asymmetry. These primordial elements—mostly hydrogen, with some helium and...
strengthening empirical support for a recent solution to the missingbaryonproblem of missing detections of ≈40% of ordinary matter. Researchers report...
fully predictable from that of the baryons, once the feedback effects due to the dissipative collapse of baryons are taken into account. MOND is not...
In particle physics, a hyperon is any baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. This form of matter may exist in...
have been experimentally verified. A supersymmetry relating mesons and baryons was first proposed, in the context of hadronic physics, by Hironari Miyazawa...
theory of fundamental interactions. For example, it does not fully explain baryon asymmetry, incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general...
Nobel Prizes for their discovery. Confirmatory evidence has been found in baryon acoustic oscillations, and in analyses of the clustering of galaxies. The...
first hypothesized by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, to account for missing momentum and missing energy in beta decay, and was discovered in 1956 by a team led...
The baryon number in SM is only conserved at the classical level. There are non-perturbative effects which do not conserve baryon number: Baryon Number...
the mass of all particles. For example, approximately 99% of the mass of baryons (composite particles such as the proton and neutron), is due instead to...
of baryon acoustic oscillations, both in the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure of galaxies, set limits on the ratio of baryons to...
polarization enhance the gravitational attraction between baryons. The most serious problem facing Milgrom's law is that it cannot eliminate the need...
5% ordinary matter (baryons). These models were found to be successful at forming realistic galaxies and clusters, but some problems appeared in the late...
gauge-gravitational anomaly, such as a Z/16Z class anomaly, associated with the baryon minus lepton number B−L and the electroweak hypercharge Y). Gapped topological...
remaining matter, and absence of detectable remaining antimatter, also called baryon asymmetry, is attributed to CP-violation: a violation of the CP-symmetry...
total intensity, polarization and gravitational lensing observations with Baryon-Acoustic oscillation measurements from galaxy surveys and supernova measurements...
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