Theory that the universe is the same in all directions
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Unsolved problem in physics:
Is the universe homogeneous and isotropic at large enough scales, as claimed by the cosmological principle and assumed by all models that use the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, including the current version of the ΛCDM model, or is the universe inhomogeneous or anisotropic?[1][2][3]
(more unsolved problems in physics)
In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is the notion that the spatial distribution of matter in the universe is uniformly isotropic and homogeneous when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to act equally throughout the universe on a large scale, and should, therefore, produce no observable inequalities in the large-scale structuring over the course of evolution of the matter field that was initially laid down by the Big Bang.
^Cite error: The named reference Snowmass21 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Billings was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Migkas et al was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 22 Related for: Cosmological principle information
homogeneous and isotropic at large enough scales, as claimed by the cosmologicalprinciple and assumed by all models that use the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker...
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Antoninus viii. 52. Einstein, A. (1952). "Cosmological considerations on the general theory of relativity". The Principle of Relativity. Dover. pp. 175–188....
or are they instead evidence that the cosmologicalprinciple is false? Copernican principle: Are cosmological observations made from Earth representative...
notably in cosmology which observes the mediocrity principle, the anthropic principle, the principle of relativity and the cosmologicalprinciple. Other well-known...
homogeneous and isotropic at large enough scales, as claimed by the cosmologicalprinciple and assumed by all models that use the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker...
viewpoint: see rotating frame of reference.) In modern physical cosmology, the cosmologicalprinciple is the notion that the distribution of matter in the universe...
that is, the cosmologicalprinciple; empirically, this is justified on scales larger than the order of 100 Mpc. The cosmologicalprinciple implies that...
gravitational repulsion in the cosmological context, which accelerates the expansion of the universe. A cosmological constant also has this effect. Mathematically...
or are they instead evidence that the cosmologicalprinciple is false? Copernican principle: Are cosmological observations made from Earth representative...
identical to ours in the universe. This follows directly from the cosmologicalprinciple, wherein it is assumed that our Hubble volume is not special or...
It is a significant astronomical discovery, as it challenges the CosmologicalPrinciple. Currently, there is no known cause for its formation within our...
ISBN 978-0-385-31122-9. Barrow, John D.; Tipler, Frank J. (1986). The Anthropic CosmologicalPrinciple (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 588. ISBN 978-0-19-282147-8...
extracted from the CMB anisotropy. This difference is conflict with the cosmologicalprinciple. Assuming the universe keeps expanding and it does not suffer a...
FLRW model in the limit of zero energy density and it obeys the cosmologicalprinciple[citation needed]. The Milne model is also similar to Rindler space...
galaxies exceeds the 1.2 billion light year threshold, challenging the cosmologicalprinciple that at large enough scales the universe is considered to be the...
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