Soviet nuclear physicist and human rights activist (1921–1989)
For the historian, see Andrey Nikolayevich Sakharov.
In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Dmitrievich and the family name is Sakharov.
Andrei Sakharov
Андрей Сахаров
Sakharov in 1989
Born
(1921-05-21)21 May 1921
Moscow, Russian SFSR
Died
14 December 1989(1989-12-14) (aged 68)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Resting place
Vostryakovskoye Cemetery
Nationality
Russian
Citizenship
Soviet Union
Alma mater
Moscow State University
Lebedev Physical Institute
Known for
RDS-37
Soviet nuclear program
Tsar Bomba
Explosively pumped flux compression generator
Electromagnetic pulse
Tokamak
Muon-catalyzed fusion
Sakharov conditions
Induced gravity
Proton decay
Dissidence
Human rights activism
Spouses
Klavdia Vikhireva (1943–1969; her death)
Yelena Bonner (1972–1989; his death)
Awards
Hero of Socialist Labor (1953, 1955, 1962)
Stalin Prize (1953)
Lenin Prize (1956)
Prix mondial Cino Del Duca (1974)
Nobel Peace Prize (1975)
Elliott Cresson Medal (1985)
Scientific career
Fields
Physics
Thesis
Теория ядерных переходов типа 0→0(1947)
Doctoral advisor
Igor Tamm
Doctoral students
Erast Gliner
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Russian: Андрей Дмитриевич Сахаров; 21 May 1921 – 14 December 1989) was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world.
Although he spent his career in physics in the Soviet program of nuclear weapons, overseeing the development of thermonuclear weapons, Sakharov also did fundamental work in understanding particle physics, magnetism, and physical cosmology. Sakharov is mostly known for his political activism for individual freedom, human rights, civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union, for which he was deemed a dissident and faced persecution from the Soviet establishment.[1]
In his memory, the Sakharov Prize was established and is awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms.[2]
^"Sakharov Human Rights Prize 25th anniversary marked in US". Voice of America. January 15, 2014.
^"Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons and Human Rights". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on December 31, 2015.
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Russian: Андрей Дмитриевич Сахаров; 21 May 1921 – 14 December 1989) was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate...
and freedom of thought. Named after Russian scientist and dissident AndreiSakharov, the prize was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament...
tested. The Soviet physicist AndreiSakharov oversaw the project at Arzamas-16, while the main work of design was by Sakharov, Viktor Adamsky, Yuri Babayev...
The AndreiSakharov Freedom Award, officially known as the Sakharov Freedom Award and named after Soviet scientist and dissident AndreiSakharov, was established...
1976, he organized the Moscow Helsinki Group and became its chairman. AndreiSakharov praised Orlov for systematically documenting Soviet violations of the...
rights activist in the former Soviet Union and wife of the physicist AndreiSakharov. During her decades as a dissident, Bonner was noted for her characteristic...
human rights 2016: Human Rights Award of the City of Weimar 2018: AndreiSakharov Prize from the American Physical Society 2022: Recognition as one of...
been described as "one of the great mysteries in physics". In 1967, AndreiSakharov proposed a set of three necessary conditions that a baryon-generating...
Slovenian badminton player Andrei Rublev, Russian painter Andrey Rublev (tennis), Russian tennis player AndreiSakharov, Russian physicist and activist...
academician AndreiSakharov. According to Dmitri Volkogonov and Harold Shukman, Andropov approved the numerous trials of human rights activists such as Andrei Amalrik...
rights activist. In 1970, he founded - along with Valery Chalidze and AndreiSakharov - the Committee on Human Rights in the USSR. In 1973, Tverdokhlebov...
Bose–Einstein condensates. The concept was originally proposed by AndreiSakharov in 1967. Sakharov observed that many condensed matter systems give rise to emergent...
the quasi-particle of sound: the phonon; and in 1951, together with AndreiSakharov, proposed the Tokamak system. Igor Tamm was born in 1895 in Vladivostok...
smuggled out of the Soviet Union by a network of dissidents, including AndreiSakharov and Vladimir Voinovich, and first published in the West in 1980, before...
continued to press for greater liberalization. On 23 December 1986 AndreiSakharov, the most prominent Soviet dissident, returned to Moscow shortly after...
writer of the Soviet period Andrei Rublev, Russian icon painter Andrey Rublev (tennis), Russian tennis player AndreiSakharov, Russian physicist and activist...
released in 2022, in which he also took part. Alexander Solzhenitsyn and AndreiSakharov are among those who suffered for speaking out against the USSR. In...
It is named after the Soviet physicist and human rights activist AndreiSakharov. Due to the frequent traffic congestion at the intersection, a project...
sent Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov a letter expressing his support for the latter's stance on human rights. In the wake of Carter's letter to Sakharov, the...
by Macmillan in London in 1971. In 1971, renowned Soviet physicist AndreiSakharov supported a protest of two political prisoners, V. Fainberg and V....
winning human rights activist AndreiSakharov. It was founded by the "Public Commission to Protect the Legacy of AndreiSakharov", an international non-governmental...
the Soviet physicist Oleg Lavrentiev in a mid-1950 paper. In 1951, AndreiSakharov and Igor Tamm proposed to modify the scheme by proposing a theoretical...
correspondents. He handed over to a foreign correspondent the "Memorandum" of AndreiSakharov. Amalrik was published abroad. Together with Pavel Litvinov, he wrote...
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