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In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, and abbreviated as BBN)[1] is the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen (hydrogen-1, 1H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during the early phases of the universe. This type of nucleosynthesis is thought by most cosmologists to have occurred from 10 seconds to 20 minutes after the Big Bang.[2] It is thought to be responsible for the formation of most of the universe's helium (as isotope helium-4 (4He)), along with small fractions of the hydrogen isotope deuterium (2H or D), the helium isotope helium-3 (3He), and a very small fraction of the lithium isotope lithium-7 (7Li). In addition to these stable nuclei, two unstable or radioactive isotopes were produced: the heavy hydrogen isotope tritium (3H or T) and the beryllium isotope beryllium-7 (7Be). These unstable isotopes later decayed into 3He and 7Li, respectively, as above.
Elements heavier than lithium are thought to have been created later in the life of the Universe by stellar nucleosynthesis, through the formation, evolution and death of stars.
^Cite error: The named reference RPP was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Coc, Alain; Vangioni, Elisabeth (2017). "Primordial nucleosynthesis". International Journal of Modern Physics. 26 (8): 1741002. arXiv:1707.01004. Bibcode:2017IJMPE..2641002C. doi:10.1142/S0218301317410026. ISSN 0218-3013. S2CID 119410875.
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