Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Coniine is a poisonous chemical compound, an alkaloid present in and isolable from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), where its presence has been a source of significant economic, medical, and historico-cultural interest; coniine is also produced by the yellow pitcher plant (Sarracenia flava), and fool's parsley (Aethusa cynapium). Its ingestion and extended exposure are toxic to humans and all classes of livestock; its mechanism of poisoning involves disruption of the central nervous system, with death caused by respiratory paralysis. The biosynthesis of coniine contains as its penultimate step the non-enzymatic cyclisation of 5-oxooctylamine to γ-coniceine, a Schiff base differing from coniine only by its carbon-nitrogen double bond in the ring. This pathway results in natural coniine that is a mixture—a racemate—composed of two enantiomers, the stereoisomers (S)-(+)-coniine and (R)-(−)-coniine, depending on the direction taken by the chain that branches from the ring. Both enantiomers are toxic, with the (R)-enantiomer being the more biologically active and toxic of the two in general. Coniine holds a place in organic chemistry history as being the first of the important class of alkaloids to be synthesized, by Albert Ladenburg in 1886, and it has been synthesized in the laboratory in a number of unique ways through to modern times.
Hemlock poisoning has been a periodic human concern, a regular veterinary concern, and has had significant occurrences in human and cultural history. Notably, in 399 BC, Socrates was sentenced to death by drinking a coniine-containing mixture of poison hemlock.
Coniine is a poisonous chemical compound, an alkaloid present in and isolable from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), where its presence has been a source...
not be in leaf. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Hemlock contains coniine and some similar poisonous alkaloids, and is poisonous to all mammals (and...
painting model Elsa Greer. The police found that Amyas was poisoned by coniine, found in a glass he had drunk from. Caroline confessed to stealing the...
converted in enzymatic and non-enzymatic steps into the cyclic class of coniine alkaloids. When ingested sugars and carbohydrate levels are low, stored...
that coniine has narcotic effects on insects at the concentrations naturally present in pitchers of S. flava. Other authors hypothesize that coniine may...
that time, including xanthine (1817), atropine (1819), caffeine (1820), coniine (1827), nicotine (1828), colchicine (1833), sparteine (1851), and cocaine...
fruit and matures, the alkaloids present transform from γ-coniceine, to coniine, and finally to N-methylconiine. When ingested, these compounds interrupt...
nectar-secreting glands. The nectar contains not only sugars, but also the alkaloid coniine (a toxin also found in hemlock), which probably intoxicates the prey. Prey...
(Nicotiana glauca), lobeline of Indian tobacco, and the toxic alkaloid coniine from poison hemlock, which was used to put Socrates to death. Piperidine...
lobeline), the conium alkaloids (such as coniine) and the pinus alkaloids. Piperine Lobeline (S)-Coniine Sedamin Solenopsin Entry on Piperidin-Alkaloide...
Hotti, Hannu; Rischer, Heiko (14 November 2017). "The killer of Socrates: Coniine and Related Alkaloids in the Plant Kingdom". Molecules. 22 (11): 1962....
secondary metabolism. Some of these compounds are toxins such as the alkaloid coniine from hemlock. Others, such as the essential oils peppermint oil and lemon...
Florida Conine's Clubhouse Grill, a grill owned by Jeff Conine Conine or coniine, a poisonous alkaloid found in poison hemlock Conine, an Irish clan...
amines into tertiary amines. Hofman successfully applied the method to coniine, the cholinergic poison of hemlock, to derive the first structure of an...
The main alkaloid is coniine. Other representatives are γ-conicein, conhydrin, pseudoconhydrin, and N-methylconiin. (+)-Coniine (+)-Conhydrin (+)-Pseudoconhydrin...
at least one species, Sarracenia flava, the nectar bribe is laced with coniine, a toxic alkaloid also found in hemlock, which probably increases the efficiency...
supposed oshá plant cannot be positively identified, it must be discarded. Coniine, the main poison in hemlock species, can be absorbed through the skin....
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