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In particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vector bosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers of fundamental interactions. Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any vector meson (quark and antiquark). During the 1970s and 1980s, intermediate vector bosons (the W and Z bosons, which mediate the weak interaction) drew much attention in particle physics.[1][2]
A pseudovector boson is a vector boson that has even parity, whereas "regular" vector bosons have odd parity. There are no fundamental pseudovector bosons, but there are pseudovector mesons.
^Barianti, G.; Gabathuler, E. (October 1983). "Intermediate Vector Bosons: Production and Identification at the CERN Proton-Antiproton Collider" (PDF). Europhysics News. pp. 6, 14. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
^Ellis, John; Gaillard, Mary K.; Girardi, Georges; Sorba, Paul (1982). "Physics of Intermediate Vector Boson". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 32. Annual Reviews: 443–497. Bibcode:1982ARNPS..32..443E. doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.32.120182.002303.
particle physics, a vectorboson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vectorbosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers...
physics, the W and Z bosons are vectorbosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vectorbosons. These elementary...
The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation...
the Higgs boson has spin zero and the hypothetical graviton has a spin of 2. Therefore, all known gauge bosons are vectorbosons. Gauge bosons are different...
elementary bosons: One scalar boson (spin = 0) H0 Higgs boson – the particle that contributes to the phenomenon of mass via the Higgs mechanism Four vector bosons...
1934. Alexandru Proca was the first to develop and report the massive vectorboson field equations and a theory of the mesonic field of nuclear forces....
A scalar boson is a boson whose spin equals zero. A boson is a particle whose wave function is symmetric under particle exchange and therefore follows...
et al. (2021). "GW190521 as a merger of Proca stars: A potential new vectorBoson of 8.7×10−13 eV". Physical Review Letters. 126 (8): 081101. arXiv:2009...
through radiation of a Higgs by a produced virtual vectorboson or annihilation of two such vectorbosons. Pair production Creation and annihilation operators...
symmetries to three massive vectorbosons ( W+ , W− , Z0 ) mediating the weak interaction, and one massless vectorboson, the photon ( γ ), responsible...
{L}}_{g}} term describes the interaction between the three W vectorbosons and the B vectorboson, L g = − 1 4 W a μ ν W μ ν a − 1 4 B μ ν B μ ν , {\displaystyle...
symmetry breaking rotates the original W0 and B0 vectorboson plane, producing as a result the Z0 boson, and the photon. Its measured value is slightly...
massive vectorbosons, i.e. the Z and W bosons. This article uses the (+−−−) metric signature and tensor index notation in the language of 4-vectors. The...
meson θ meson List of mesons Vector meson dominance Vectorboson Nichitiu, F. (November 2, 1995). "An Introduction to the Vector Meson" (PDF). Retrieved June...
acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vectorbosons, thereby having a spin of 1. Through the strong interaction, gluons...
experimental evidence for the existence of the charm quark, and the gluon, the vectorboson of the strong force in the Standard Model of physics. Recently, her team...
necessarily, half-integer spin fermions) exchange integer-spin, force-carrying bosons. The fermions involved in such exchanges can be either elementary (e.g....
elementary particles. It derives its mass from its coupling to the Higgs Boson. This coupling y t {\displaystyle y_{t}} is very close to unity; in the...
the massless bosonic fields in string theory.) Scalar field theory VectorbosonVector-valued function Apostol, Tom (1969). Calculus. Vol. II (2nd ed.)...
matter, and has been described as a protophobic (i.e., ignoring protons) vectorboson with a mass near 17 MeV. In 2015, Krasznahorkay and his colleagues at...
quantities, such as weak isospin, weak hypercharge, or the vector coupling of a fermion to the Z boson (i.e. the coupling strength of weak neutral currents)...
Higgs boson was a 40-year effort by physicists to prove the existence or non-existence of the Higgs boson, first theorised in the 1960s. The Higgs boson was...
relativistic gauge theory and of the mechanism for the consistent generation of vectorboson masses". Guralnik received his BS degree from the Massachusetts Institute...
complex two dimensional vector space. Rotating the coordinates so that the second basis vector points in the direction of the Higgs boson makes the vacuum expectation...
momentum J = 1 (vectorboson) or 3 (third-order tensor boson). All glueballs have integer total angular momentum which implies that they are bosons rather than...
Calboreanu. Alexandru Proca (1897-1955) and his equation of the massive vectorboson field. Europhysics News Volume 37, Number 5, September–October 2006,...
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