Ming dynasty's last emperor, reigned from 1627 to 1644
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Chongzhen Emperor 崇禎帝
Emperor of the Ming dynasty
Reign
2 October 1627 – 25 April 1644
Enthronement
2 October 1627
Predecessor
Tianqi Emperor
Successor
Hongguang Emperor (Southern Ming dynasty)
Emperor of China
Reign
1627–1644
Predecessor
Tianqi Emperor
Successor
Shunzhi Emperor (Qing dynasty)
Prince of Xin
Tenure
1622–1627
Born
(1611-02-06)6 February 1611 Wanli 38, 24th day of the 12th month (萬曆三十八年十二月二十四日) Shuntian Prefecture, North Zhili, Ming dynasty
Died
25 April 1644(1644-04-25) (aged 33) Chongzhen 17, 19th day of the 3rd month (崇禎十七年三月十九日) Wansui Hill, Imperial City, Shuntian Prefecture, North Zhili, Ming dynasty (present-day Jingshan Park, Xicheng District, Beijing, China)
The Chongzhen Emperor (simplified Chinese: 崇祯帝; traditional Chinese: 崇禎帝; pinyin: Chóngzhēn Dì; 6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian (Chinese: 朱由檢; pinyin: Zhū Yóujiǎn), courtesy name Deyue (德約),[1] was the 17th and last emperor of the Ming dynasty. He reigned from 1627 to 1644. "Chongzhen", the era name of his reign, means "honorable and auspicious."
Zhu Youjian was son of the Taichang Emperor and younger brother of the Tianqi Emperor, whom he succeeded to the throne in 1627. He battled peasant rebellions and was not able to defend the northern frontier against the Manchu. When rebels under Li Zicheng reached the capital Beijing in 1644, he committed suicide, ending the Ming dynasty. The Manchu formed the succeeding Qing dynasty.
In 1645, Zhu Yousong, who had proclaimed himself the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty, gave the Chongzhen Emperor the temple name "Sizong". In historical texts, "Sizong" is the most common temple name of the Chongzhen Emperor, even though the Southern Ming rulers had changed "Sizong" to "Yizong" (毅宗) and then to "Weizong" (威宗). The Qing dynasty gave the Chongzhen Emperor the temple name "Huaizong" (懷宗), but the temple name was later revoked.
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^Wang Yuan (王源)，Ju ye tang wen ji (《居業堂文集》), vol. 19. "聞之張景蔚親見烈皇帝神主題御諱字德約，行五，生於萬曆庚戌十二月二十四日寅時，崩於崇禎甲申三月十九日丑時。"
The ChongzhenEmperor (simplified Chinese: 崇祯帝; traditional Chinese: 崇禎帝; pinyin: Chóngzhēn Dì; 6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian...
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leader Li Zicheng breached the walls of the Ming capital, pushing the ChongzhenEmperor to hang himself on a hill behind the Forbidden City. Hearing the news...
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arrested and executed by lingchi ("slow slicing") on the order of the ChongzhenEmperor under false charges of treason, which were believed to have been planted...
after the death of the Tianqi Emperor, his younger brother Zhu Youjian ascended the throne as the ChongzhenEmperor and removed Wei Zhongxian's clique...
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pestilence, rebellion, and foreign invasion came to a peak. The ChongzhenEmperor (r. 1627–44) had Wei dismissed from court, which led to Wei's suicide...
was said that "grains of rice became as precious as pearls." The ChongzhenEmperor's petty and mercurial ways exacerbated the situation by constantly...
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