Han Chinese costume during the Chongzhen period"Chongzhen Tongbao" (崇禎通寶) issued during the Chongzhen era
Chongzhen (simplified Chinese: 崇祯; traditional Chinese: 崇禎; pinyin: Chóngzhēn; Wade–Giles: Ch'ung-chen; lit. 'honorable and auspicious'; 5 February 1628 – 25 April 1644) was the era name (nianhao) of the Chongzhen Emperor, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was also the final era of the Ming, lasting for 17 years.
In 1622 (Tianqi 2), Zhu Youjian was created the Prince of Xin (信王) by his elder brother, the Tianqi Emperor. In 1627 (Tianqi 7), the Tianqi Emperor died, and Zhu Youjian ascended to the throne. The Grand Secretariat proposed four era names—"Qiansheng" (乾聖), "Xingfu" (興福), "Xianjia" (咸嘉), and "Chongzhen" (崇貞)—for Zhu Youjian to choose from. He ultimately chose "Chongzhen" (崇貞).[1] Another account states that the four proposed era names were "Yongchang" (永昌), "Shaoqing" (紹慶), "Xianning" (咸寧) and "Chongzhen" (崇貞), and Zhu Youjian chose "Chongzhen" and changed the character "貞" to "禎".[2] The following year (1628), the era was changed to Chongzhen.
In February 1644 (Chongzhen 17, 2nd month), Li Zicheng established the Shun dynasty in Xi'an, Shaanxi, with the era name "Yongchang" (永昌). On 25 April 1644 (19th day of the 3rd month), the Shun army captured Beijing, the capital of the Ming dynasty. The Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide by hanging himself on the Coal Hill in Beijing (present-day Jingshan, Beijing), leading to the downfall of the Ming. After hearing the news, Zhu Yousong, Prince of Fu, ascended the throne in Nanjing, the temporary capital, on 19 June of the same year (15th day of the 5th month), as the Hongguang Emperor, and established the Southern Ming regime. He continued to use the Chongzhen era name until the end of the year on New Year's Eve of Chongzhen 17, and the following year, the era was changed to Hongguang.[3]
After the fall of the Ming dynasty, the Korean Yi dynasty aristocrats, out of anti-Qing sentiment and Little China ideology, still used the Chongzhen era name in their country, which was known as the "Chongzhen jiyuan" or "Sungjeong giwon" (崇禎紀元).[4]
^Sun Chengze (孫承澤). Siling dianli ji (思陵典禮記)
^Wen Bing (文秉). Lie huang xiao shi (烈皇小識)
^Qian Haiyue (錢海岳). History of Southern Ming, Volume 1:〔崇禎十七年五月〕壬寅，王即皇帝位於武英殿。詔曰：『……以其明年為弘光元年，與民更始，大赦天下。……』
^"小史 使用了二百多年的年號-崇禎". Archived from the original on 2021-02-22. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
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Liao Chongzhen (Chinese: 廖崇真; 25 May 1898 – 12 September 1971), also known as Chan Sung Liu, was a Chinese government official and president of the College...
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half-brother Prince Zhu Youjian inherited the throne as the Chongzhen Emperor. Chongzhen, who hated the powerful chief eunuch Wei Zhongxian, soon purged...
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who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. The last Ming ruler, the Chongzhen Emperor, committed suicide when the city fell to the rebels, marking the...
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Crown Prince, eldest son of the Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Meichuo (1630–1647), Princess Changping, daughter of the Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Changqing (?–1646)...
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